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Vascular smooth muscle contraction in hypertension
Hypertension is a major risk factor for many common chronic diseases, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular dementia, and chronic kidney disease. Pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the development of hypertension include increased vascular resistance, determined i...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5852517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29394331 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvy023 |
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author | Touyz, Rhian M Alves-Lopes, Rheure Rios, Francisco J Camargo, Livia L Anagnostopoulou, Aikaterini Arner, Anders Montezano, Augusto C |
author_facet | Touyz, Rhian M Alves-Lopes, Rheure Rios, Francisco J Camargo, Livia L Anagnostopoulou, Aikaterini Arner, Anders Montezano, Augusto C |
author_sort | Touyz, Rhian M |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hypertension is a major risk factor for many common chronic diseases, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular dementia, and chronic kidney disease. Pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the development of hypertension include increased vascular resistance, determined in large part by reduced vascular diameter due to increased vascular contraction and arterial remodelling. These processes are regulated by complex-interacting systems such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system, immune activation, and oxidative stress, which influence vascular smooth muscle function. Vascular smooth muscle cells are highly plastic and in pathological conditions undergo phenotypic changes from a contractile to a proliferative state. Vascular smooth muscle contraction is triggered by an increase in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), promoting actin–myosin cross-bridge formation. Growing evidence indicates that contraction is also regulated by calcium-independent mechanisms involving RhoA-Rho kinase, protein Kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling, reactive oxygen species, and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Activation of immune/inflammatory pathways and non-coding RNAs are also emerging as important regulators of vascular function. Vascular smooth muscle cell [Ca(2+)](i) not only determines the contractile state but also influences activity of many calcium-dependent transcription factors and proteins thereby impacting the cellular phenotype and function. Perturbations in vascular smooth muscle cell signalling and altered function influence vascular reactivity and tone, important determinants of vascular resistance and blood pressure. Here, we discuss mechanisms regulating vascular reactivity and contraction in physiological and pathophysiological conditions and highlight some new advances in the field, focusing specifically on hypertension. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5852517 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-58525172018-03-23 Vascular smooth muscle contraction in hypertension Touyz, Rhian M Alves-Lopes, Rheure Rios, Francisco J Camargo, Livia L Anagnostopoulou, Aikaterini Arner, Anders Montezano, Augusto C Cardiovasc Res Invited Spotlight Reviews Hypertension is a major risk factor for many common chronic diseases, such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular dementia, and chronic kidney disease. Pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the development of hypertension include increased vascular resistance, determined in large part by reduced vascular diameter due to increased vascular contraction and arterial remodelling. These processes are regulated by complex-interacting systems such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system, immune activation, and oxidative stress, which influence vascular smooth muscle function. Vascular smooth muscle cells are highly plastic and in pathological conditions undergo phenotypic changes from a contractile to a proliferative state. Vascular smooth muscle contraction is triggered by an increase in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), promoting actin–myosin cross-bridge formation. Growing evidence indicates that contraction is also regulated by calcium-independent mechanisms involving RhoA-Rho kinase, protein Kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling, reactive oxygen species, and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Activation of immune/inflammatory pathways and non-coding RNAs are also emerging as important regulators of vascular function. Vascular smooth muscle cell [Ca(2+)](i) not only determines the contractile state but also influences activity of many calcium-dependent transcription factors and proteins thereby impacting the cellular phenotype and function. Perturbations in vascular smooth muscle cell signalling and altered function influence vascular reactivity and tone, important determinants of vascular resistance and blood pressure. Here, we discuss mechanisms regulating vascular reactivity and contraction in physiological and pathophysiological conditions and highlight some new advances in the field, focusing specifically on hypertension. Oxford University Press 2018-03-15 2018-01-31 /pmc/articles/PMC5852517/ /pubmed/29394331 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvy023 Text en © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Invited Spotlight Reviews Touyz, Rhian M Alves-Lopes, Rheure Rios, Francisco J Camargo, Livia L Anagnostopoulou, Aikaterini Arner, Anders Montezano, Augusto C Vascular smooth muscle contraction in hypertension |
title | Vascular smooth muscle contraction in hypertension |
title_full | Vascular smooth muscle contraction in hypertension |
title_fullStr | Vascular smooth muscle contraction in hypertension |
title_full_unstemmed | Vascular smooth muscle contraction in hypertension |
title_short | Vascular smooth muscle contraction in hypertension |
title_sort | vascular smooth muscle contraction in hypertension |
topic | Invited Spotlight Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5852517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29394331 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvy023 |
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