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The Taste of Commercially Available Clarithromycin Oral Pharmaceutical Suspensions in the Palestinian Market: Electronic Tongue and In Vivo Evaluation

Background: The taste of oral liquid dosage forms is a crucial factor that impacts paediatric patient compliance. The electronic tongue (ET) is an emerging tool that could be useful in taste assessment in order to minimize the involvement of humans in such evaluations. Purpose: The aim of this study...

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Autores principales: Abu-Khalaf, Nawaf, Zaid, Abdel Naser, Jaradat, Nidal, AlKilany, Alaaldin, Abu Rumaila, Basima, Al Ramahi, Rowa, Shweiki, Shrouq, Nidal, Safaa, Surakhi, Nibal
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5855094/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29401675
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18020454
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author Abu-Khalaf, Nawaf
Zaid, Abdel Naser
Jaradat, Nidal
AlKilany, Alaaldin
Abu Rumaila, Basima
Al Ramahi, Rowa
Shweiki, Shrouq
Nidal, Safaa
Surakhi, Nibal
author_facet Abu-Khalaf, Nawaf
Zaid, Abdel Naser
Jaradat, Nidal
AlKilany, Alaaldin
Abu Rumaila, Basima
Al Ramahi, Rowa
Shweiki, Shrouq
Nidal, Safaa
Surakhi, Nibal
author_sort Abu-Khalaf, Nawaf
collection PubMed
description Background: The taste of oral liquid dosage forms is a crucial factor that impacts paediatric patient compliance. The electronic tongue (ET) is an emerging tool that could be useful in taste assessment in order to minimize the involvement of humans in such evaluations. Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the taste of commercially available clarithromycin (CM) oral pharmaceutical suspensions in the Palestinian market. Method: Commercially available CM suspensions (the brand Klacid(®) and two generic K1 and K2) were assayed using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Then, the taste of these products was assessed using alpha-astree ET. In addition, an in vivo taste assessment was conducted on paediatric patients by a hedonic panel test. Moreover, volunteering community pharmacists were asked to rank the taste of these three products according to their experience from the best to the worst. Results: All suspension products had a CM concentration not less than 98% of the label amount. The ET results coupled with the principal component analysis (PCA) showed a very clear discrimination of the samples with different distances between groups (p-values < 0.001). Suspensions were in the following order in terms of taste: Klacid(®) > K1 > K2. Moreover, The pattern discrimination index between (K1 and Klacid(®)), (K1 and K2) and (Klacid(®) and K2) were 8.81%, 65.75%, and 71.94%, respectively which suggests that K1 and Klacid(®) are the most similar preparations in terms of taste. Interestingly, these results were in excellent agreement with the pharmacist ranking and patient acceptance test. Conclusions: The evaluated preparations showed significantly different taste within the order of Klacid(®) > K1 > K2, as suggested by both the ET and in vivo results. Moreover, our results confirm the capability of alpha-astree ET in the taste assessment of oral suspensions and in predicting volunteer responses, which highlights its beneficial use as an in vitro taste assessment tool and as an alternative to human-based taste evaluations.
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spelling pubmed-58550942018-03-20 The Taste of Commercially Available Clarithromycin Oral Pharmaceutical Suspensions in the Palestinian Market: Electronic Tongue and In Vivo Evaluation Abu-Khalaf, Nawaf Zaid, Abdel Naser Jaradat, Nidal AlKilany, Alaaldin Abu Rumaila, Basima Al Ramahi, Rowa Shweiki, Shrouq Nidal, Safaa Surakhi, Nibal Sensors (Basel) Article Background: The taste of oral liquid dosage forms is a crucial factor that impacts paediatric patient compliance. The electronic tongue (ET) is an emerging tool that could be useful in taste assessment in order to minimize the involvement of humans in such evaluations. Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the taste of commercially available clarithromycin (CM) oral pharmaceutical suspensions in the Palestinian market. Method: Commercially available CM suspensions (the brand Klacid(®) and two generic K1 and K2) were assayed using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Then, the taste of these products was assessed using alpha-astree ET. In addition, an in vivo taste assessment was conducted on paediatric patients by a hedonic panel test. Moreover, volunteering community pharmacists were asked to rank the taste of these three products according to their experience from the best to the worst. Results: All suspension products had a CM concentration not less than 98% of the label amount. The ET results coupled with the principal component analysis (PCA) showed a very clear discrimination of the samples with different distances between groups (p-values < 0.001). Suspensions were in the following order in terms of taste: Klacid(®) > K1 > K2. Moreover, The pattern discrimination index between (K1 and Klacid(®)), (K1 and K2) and (Klacid(®) and K2) were 8.81%, 65.75%, and 71.94%, respectively which suggests that K1 and Klacid(®) are the most similar preparations in terms of taste. Interestingly, these results were in excellent agreement with the pharmacist ranking and patient acceptance test. Conclusions: The evaluated preparations showed significantly different taste within the order of Klacid(®) > K1 > K2, as suggested by both the ET and in vivo results. Moreover, our results confirm the capability of alpha-astree ET in the taste assessment of oral suspensions and in predicting volunteer responses, which highlights its beneficial use as an in vitro taste assessment tool and as an alternative to human-based taste evaluations. MDPI 2018-02-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5855094/ /pubmed/29401675 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18020454 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Abu-Khalaf, Nawaf
Zaid, Abdel Naser
Jaradat, Nidal
AlKilany, Alaaldin
Abu Rumaila, Basima
Al Ramahi, Rowa
Shweiki, Shrouq
Nidal, Safaa
Surakhi, Nibal
The Taste of Commercially Available Clarithromycin Oral Pharmaceutical Suspensions in the Palestinian Market: Electronic Tongue and In Vivo Evaluation
title The Taste of Commercially Available Clarithromycin Oral Pharmaceutical Suspensions in the Palestinian Market: Electronic Tongue and In Vivo Evaluation
title_full The Taste of Commercially Available Clarithromycin Oral Pharmaceutical Suspensions in the Palestinian Market: Electronic Tongue and In Vivo Evaluation
title_fullStr The Taste of Commercially Available Clarithromycin Oral Pharmaceutical Suspensions in the Palestinian Market: Electronic Tongue and In Vivo Evaluation
title_full_unstemmed The Taste of Commercially Available Clarithromycin Oral Pharmaceutical Suspensions in the Palestinian Market: Electronic Tongue and In Vivo Evaluation
title_short The Taste of Commercially Available Clarithromycin Oral Pharmaceutical Suspensions in the Palestinian Market: Electronic Tongue and In Vivo Evaluation
title_sort taste of commercially available clarithromycin oral pharmaceutical suspensions in the palestinian market: electronic tongue and in vivo evaluation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5855094/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29401675
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18020454
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