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Acoustic Sensors for Air and Surface Navigation Applications

This paper presents the state-of-the-art and reviews the state-of-research of acoustic sensors used for a variety of navigation and guidance applications on air and surface vehicles. In particular, this paper focuses on echolocation, which is widely utilized in nature by certain mammals (e.g., cetac...

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Autores principales: Kapoor, Rohan, Ramasamy, Subramanian, Gardi, Alessandro, Schyndel, Ron Van, Sabatini, Roberto
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5855873/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29414894
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18020499
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author Kapoor, Rohan
Ramasamy, Subramanian
Gardi, Alessandro
Schyndel, Ron Van
Sabatini, Roberto
author_facet Kapoor, Rohan
Ramasamy, Subramanian
Gardi, Alessandro
Schyndel, Ron Van
Sabatini, Roberto
author_sort Kapoor, Rohan
collection PubMed
description This paper presents the state-of-the-art and reviews the state-of-research of acoustic sensors used for a variety of navigation and guidance applications on air and surface vehicles. In particular, this paper focuses on echolocation, which is widely utilized in nature by certain mammals (e.g., cetaceans and bats). Although acoustic sensors have been extensively adopted in various engineering applications, their use in navigation and guidance systems is yet to be fully exploited. This technology has clear potential for applications in air and surface navigation/guidance for intelligent transport systems (ITS), especially considering air and surface operations indoors and in other environments where satellite positioning is not available. Propagation of sound in the atmosphere is discussed in detail, with all potential attenuation sources taken into account. The errors introduced in echolocation measurements due to Doppler, multipath and atmospheric effects are discussed, and an uncertainty analysis method is presented for ranging error budget prediction in acoustic navigation applications. Considering the design challenges associated with monostatic and multi-static sensor implementations and looking at the performance predictions for different possible configurations, acoustic sensors show clear promises in navigation, proximity sensing, as well as obstacle detection and tracking. The integration of acoustic sensors in multi-sensor navigation systems is also considered towards the end of the paper and a low Size, Weight and Power, and Cost (SWaP-C) sensor integration architecture is presented for possible introduction in air and surface navigation systems.
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spelling pubmed-58558732018-03-20 Acoustic Sensors for Air and Surface Navigation Applications Kapoor, Rohan Ramasamy, Subramanian Gardi, Alessandro Schyndel, Ron Van Sabatini, Roberto Sensors (Basel) Review This paper presents the state-of-the-art and reviews the state-of-research of acoustic sensors used for a variety of navigation and guidance applications on air and surface vehicles. In particular, this paper focuses on echolocation, which is widely utilized in nature by certain mammals (e.g., cetaceans and bats). Although acoustic sensors have been extensively adopted in various engineering applications, their use in navigation and guidance systems is yet to be fully exploited. This technology has clear potential for applications in air and surface navigation/guidance for intelligent transport systems (ITS), especially considering air and surface operations indoors and in other environments where satellite positioning is not available. Propagation of sound in the atmosphere is discussed in detail, with all potential attenuation sources taken into account. The errors introduced in echolocation measurements due to Doppler, multipath and atmospheric effects are discussed, and an uncertainty analysis method is presented for ranging error budget prediction in acoustic navigation applications. Considering the design challenges associated with monostatic and multi-static sensor implementations and looking at the performance predictions for different possible configurations, acoustic sensors show clear promises in navigation, proximity sensing, as well as obstacle detection and tracking. The integration of acoustic sensors in multi-sensor navigation systems is also considered towards the end of the paper and a low Size, Weight and Power, and Cost (SWaP-C) sensor integration architecture is presented for possible introduction in air and surface navigation systems. MDPI 2018-02-07 /pmc/articles/PMC5855873/ /pubmed/29414894 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18020499 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Kapoor, Rohan
Ramasamy, Subramanian
Gardi, Alessandro
Schyndel, Ron Van
Sabatini, Roberto
Acoustic Sensors for Air and Surface Navigation Applications
title Acoustic Sensors for Air and Surface Navigation Applications
title_full Acoustic Sensors for Air and Surface Navigation Applications
title_fullStr Acoustic Sensors for Air and Surface Navigation Applications
title_full_unstemmed Acoustic Sensors for Air and Surface Navigation Applications
title_short Acoustic Sensors for Air and Surface Navigation Applications
title_sort acoustic sensors for air and surface navigation applications
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5855873/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29414894
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18020499
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