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New Understanding of β-Cell Heterogeneity and In Situ Islet Function

Insulin-secreting β-cells are heterogeneous in their regulation of hormone release. While long known, recent technological advances and new markers have allowed the identification of novel subpopulations, improving our understanding of the molecular basis for heterogeneity. This includes specific su...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Benninger, Richard K.P., Hodson, David J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Diabetes Association 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5860861/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29559510
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dbi17-0040
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author Benninger, Richard K.P.
Hodson, David J.
author_facet Benninger, Richard K.P.
Hodson, David J.
author_sort Benninger, Richard K.P.
collection PubMed
description Insulin-secreting β-cells are heterogeneous in their regulation of hormone release. While long known, recent technological advances and new markers have allowed the identification of novel subpopulations, improving our understanding of the molecular basis for heterogeneity. This includes specific subpopulations with distinct functional characteristics, developmental programs, abilities to proliferate in response to metabolic or developmental cues, and resistance to immune-mediated damage. Importantly, these subpopulations change in disease or aging, including in human disease. Although discovering new β-cell subpopulations has substantially advanced our understanding of islet biology, a point of caution is that these characteristics have often necessarily been identified in single β-cells dissociated from the islet. β-Cells in the islet show extensive communication with each other via gap junctions and with other cell types via diffusible chemical messengers. As such, how these different subpopulations contribute to in situ islet function, including during plasticity, is not well understood. We will discuss recent findings revealing functional β-cell subpopulations in the intact islet, the underlying basis for these identified subpopulations, and how these subpopulations may influence in situ islet function. Furthermore, we will discuss the outlook for emerging technologies to gain further insight into the role of subpopulations in in situ islet function.
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spelling pubmed-58608612019-04-01 New Understanding of β-Cell Heterogeneity and In Situ Islet Function Benninger, Richard K.P. Hodson, David J. Diabetes Perspectives in Diabetes Insulin-secreting β-cells are heterogeneous in their regulation of hormone release. While long known, recent technological advances and new markers have allowed the identification of novel subpopulations, improving our understanding of the molecular basis for heterogeneity. This includes specific subpopulations with distinct functional characteristics, developmental programs, abilities to proliferate in response to metabolic or developmental cues, and resistance to immune-mediated damage. Importantly, these subpopulations change in disease or aging, including in human disease. Although discovering new β-cell subpopulations has substantially advanced our understanding of islet biology, a point of caution is that these characteristics have often necessarily been identified in single β-cells dissociated from the islet. β-Cells in the islet show extensive communication with each other via gap junctions and with other cell types via diffusible chemical messengers. As such, how these different subpopulations contribute to in situ islet function, including during plasticity, is not well understood. We will discuss recent findings revealing functional β-cell subpopulations in the intact islet, the underlying basis for these identified subpopulations, and how these subpopulations may influence in situ islet function. Furthermore, we will discuss the outlook for emerging technologies to gain further insight into the role of subpopulations in in situ islet function. American Diabetes Association 2018-04 2018-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC5860861/ /pubmed/29559510 http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dbi17-0040 Text en © 2018 by the American Diabetes Association. http://www.diabetesjournals.org/content/licenseReaders may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. More information is available at http://www.diabetesjournals.org/content/license.
spellingShingle Perspectives in Diabetes
Benninger, Richard K.P.
Hodson, David J.
New Understanding of β-Cell Heterogeneity and In Situ Islet Function
title New Understanding of β-Cell Heterogeneity and In Situ Islet Function
title_full New Understanding of β-Cell Heterogeneity and In Situ Islet Function
title_fullStr New Understanding of β-Cell Heterogeneity and In Situ Islet Function
title_full_unstemmed New Understanding of β-Cell Heterogeneity and In Situ Islet Function
title_short New Understanding of β-Cell Heterogeneity and In Situ Islet Function
title_sort new understanding of β-cell heterogeneity and in situ islet function
topic Perspectives in Diabetes
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5860861/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29559510
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dbi17-0040
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