Catalytic liquefaction of municipal sewage sludge over transition metal catalysts in ethanol-water co-solvent

Catalytic liquefaction of (Municipal sewage sludge) MSS over transition metal catalysts in ethanol-water co-solvent (EWCS) was investigated. The effect of operating parameters like temperature, holding time, and ethanol-water ratio was discussed. CuSO(4) was selected as the most efficient catalyst. The highest biocrude yield (47.45%) and liquefaction conversion (97.74%) was both obtained at the same conditions following: a reaction temperature of 270 °C, a holding time of 30 min, an ethanol-water ratio of 1:1, and with CuSO(4) as the catalyst. Optimized operating conditions reduced Sulfur and Nitrogen content in biocrude by 55.0% and 14.6%, respectively. The obtained biocrude samples were analyzed and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), which suggested that adding CuSO(4) increased the light-oil like content in biocrude and more than 60% of compounds in biocrude were esters. This process demonstrates the effectiveness of catalytic liquefaction of MSS in EWCS over CuSO(4) catalyst.