Clinical outcome study of crizotinib in immunohistochemistry-proven echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion gene among Indian patients with adenocarcinoma lung

AIMS: The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) Break Apart FISH Probe Kit and Ventana anti-ALK (D5F3) CDx immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay are the Food and Drug Administration-approved companion diagnostic for targeted therapy with the ALK inhibitor crizotinib in lung cancers. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of twice daily crizotinib tablet (250 mg) in IHC-proven echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK fusion gene among Indian patients with adenocarcinoma lung in the routine clinical practice. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), adenocarcinoma histology, whose tumors were found to be positive for EML4-ALK fusion gene using IHC, were considered for this study. IHC analysis was performed using a Ventana automated immunostainer (Benchmark XT). Detection was performed using Optiview DAB detection and amplification kit. RESULTS: A total of 25 NSCLC adenocarcinoma patients were included in the study. There were 14 (56%) women and 10 (44%) men with a median age of 53 years. All patients had Stage IV disease at the time of initiation of crizotinib therapy. One patient achieved complete response and 20 achieved response rate (PR) for an overall PR of 84%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 11.8 months and median overall survival (OS) was 20.6 months. Two (8%) patients experienced severe hepatotoxicity requiring permanent discontinuation of crizotinib therapy. CONCLUSIONS: A very high PR, PFS, and OS achieved in our study population indicates that IHC can accurately identify EML4 ALK fusion gene mutations in lung adenocarcinoma patients who are responsive to ALK inhibitors such as crizotinib. IHC should be considered as a cost-effective alternative to FISH, especially in low-resource countries.