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A Case of Low-Grade Primary Cardiac Lymphoma with Pericardial Effusion Diagnosed by Combined (18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT) Imaging and Effusion Cytology

Patient: Female, 72 Final Diagnosis: Primary cardiac lymphoma Symptoms: Cardiac tamponade • dyspnea Medication: — Clinical Procedure: FDG-PET/CT scan Specialty: Nuclear Medicine OBJECTIVE: Rare disease BACKGROUND: Primary cardiac lymphoma is rare and can be an aggressive disease, depending on the gr...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Fukunaga, Hisanori, Tatewaki, Yasuko, Mutoh, Tatsushi, Shimomura, Hideo, Yamamoto, Shuzo, Terao, Chiaki, Totsune, Tomoko, Nakagawa, Manabu, Taki, Yasuyuki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: International Scientific Literature, Inc. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5865403/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29535291
http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.908385
Descripción
Sumario:Patient: Female, 72 Final Diagnosis: Primary cardiac lymphoma Symptoms: Cardiac tamponade • dyspnea Medication: — Clinical Procedure: FDG-PET/CT scan Specialty: Nuclear Medicine OBJECTIVE: Rare disease BACKGROUND: Primary cardiac lymphoma is rare and can be an aggressive disease, depending on the grade. A case is reported of low-grade primary cardiac lymphoma associated with a pericardial effusion. (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) imaging was useful in the diagnosis and in evaluating the disease activity in this case. CASE REPORT: A 72-year-old Japanese woman visited a general practitioner, complaining of dyspnea associated with cardiac tamponade. Pericardiocentesis was performed, and Group V malignant cells were identified by cytology, suspicious for malignant lymphoma. Whole-body FDG-PET/CT scans showed no pleural effusion or lymph node metastasis supporting the diagnosis of primary cardiac lymphoma diagnosed on pericardial effusion. The laboratory investigations showed that levels of serum soluble interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor (sIL-2R), a diagnostic and prognostic marker for malignant lymphoma, were not elevated (258 U/ml). A six-month follow-up FDG-PET/CT scan showed an increased volume of the pericardial effusion and mild but abnormal uptake diffusely in the pericardial space, and the sIL-2R was slightly elevated (860 U/ml). No abnormal FDG accumulation outside the retained pericardial effusion was noted, which was compatible with a clinical picture of low-grade primary cardiac lymphoma, and in a period of watchful waiting during the first two years later, the sIL-2R had reduced to 195 U/ml. CONCLUSIONS: This is a rare case of low-grade primary cardiac lymphoma detected in a pericardial effusion, and highlights the utility of the FDG-PET/CT scan as a valuable diagnostic and follow-up modality.