Effects of sevoflurane pretreatment on the apoptosis of rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes and the expression of GRP78

The protective effect of sevoflurane on apoptosis of rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes induced by H(2)O(2) and the effect on the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were investigated. H9c2 cells were routinely cultured and divided into the control, model and sevoflurane groups. Cells in the model group were treated with 400 µM H(2)O(2), and cells in the sevoflurane group were pretreated with sevoflurane prior to treatment with 400 µM H(2)O(2). MTT assay was used to assess cell viability. Annexin V-propidium iodide (AV-PI) double staining flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. The intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration was measured by the fluorescence-based assay using Fluo-3 AM as a calcium ion fluorescence probe. The mRNA expression level of GRP78 and protein expression levels of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 were measured using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. The assays showed that after sevoflurane pretreatment the H9c2 cell viability was significantly increased, whereas the H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis, intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, mRNA expression of GRP78, and the protein expression of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 were all reduced. The results show that pretreatment with sevoflurane inhibited H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. The mechanism may be related to inhibition of the stress-related protein GRP78 expression in endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in decreased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and the downregulation of CHOP and caspase-12 expression levels.