Alteration of Serum IgG Galactosylation as a Potential Biomarker for Diagnosis of Neuroblastoma

Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most frequent pediatric malignant neoplasm that originates from embryonic neural crest cells. Urinary catecholamines in 24-h urine are most commonly analyzed for the diagnosis of neuroblastoma at good sensitivity; however, it is challenging to collect 24-h urine samples in a pediatric population. Therefore, development of more rapid, non-invasive and cost-effective tools for the diagnosis of NB remains needed. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) galactosylation have been found highly associated with adult cancers in our previous study. Methods: To explore the potential use of serum IgG galactosylation in aiding diagnosis of neuroblastoma, serum IgG galactosylation profiles of 26 neuroblastoma cases and 30 age-matched non-malignant controls were analyzed by MALDI MS. The alteration of IgG galactosylation in neuroblastoma patients was measured by a Gal-ratio formula: G0/(G1+G2×2), calculating the relative intensities of agalactosylated N-glycan (G0) vs mono-galactosyl N-glycan (G1) and digalactosyl N-glycan (G2). Results: The results showed that IgG Gal-ratios were significantly higher in neuroblastoma cases compared with non-malignant controls (p=5.0×10(-4)). And the Gal-ratio data generated sensitivity and specificity of 84.62% and 60.00%, combined with an AUC (area under the curve) of 0.80. Conclusions: The analysis of serum IgG galactosylation distribution may play a suggestive role for neuroblastoma diagnosis, or serve as a potential biomarker for NB diagnosis.