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Non-nutritive Sweeteners in Weight Management and Chronic Disease: a review

OBJECTIVES: To critically review findings from recent studies evaluating effects of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) on metabolism, weight, and obesity-related chronic diseases. Biologic mechanisms that may explain NNS effects will also be addressed. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive review of the...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Sylvetsky, Allison C., Rother, Kristina I.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5868411/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29570245
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.22139
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author Sylvetsky, Allison C.
Rother, Kristina I.
author_facet Sylvetsky, Allison C.
Rother, Kristina I.
author_sort Sylvetsky, Allison C.
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description OBJECTIVES: To critically review findings from recent studies evaluating effects of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) on metabolism, weight, and obesity-related chronic diseases. Biologic mechanisms that may explain NNS effects will also be addressed. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive review of the relevant scientific literature. RESULTS: Most cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies report positive associations between NNS consumption, body weight, and health conditions including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. While findings in cellular and rodent models suggest harmful effects of NNS on metabolic health, most human randomized controlled trials in humans demonstrate marginal benefits of NNS use on body weight, with little data available on other metabolic outcomes. CONCLUSION: NNS consumption is associated with higher body weight and metabolic disease in observational studies. In contrast, randomized controlled trials demonstrate that NNS may support weight loss, particularly when used alongside behavioral weight loss support. Additional long-term, well-controlled intervention studies in humans are needed to determine NNS effects on weight, adiposity and chronic disease under free-living conditions.
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spelling pubmed-58684112019-04-01 Non-nutritive Sweeteners in Weight Management and Chronic Disease: a review Sylvetsky, Allison C. Rother, Kristina I. Obesity (Silver Spring) Article OBJECTIVES: To critically review findings from recent studies evaluating effects of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) on metabolism, weight, and obesity-related chronic diseases. Biologic mechanisms that may explain NNS effects will also be addressed. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive review of the relevant scientific literature. RESULTS: Most cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies report positive associations between NNS consumption, body weight, and health conditions including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. While findings in cellular and rodent models suggest harmful effects of NNS on metabolic health, most human randomized controlled trials in humans demonstrate marginal benefits of NNS use on body weight, with little data available on other metabolic outcomes. CONCLUSION: NNS consumption is associated with higher body weight and metabolic disease in observational studies. In contrast, randomized controlled trials demonstrate that NNS may support weight loss, particularly when used alongside behavioral weight loss support. Additional long-term, well-controlled intervention studies in humans are needed to determine NNS effects on weight, adiposity and chronic disease under free-living conditions. 2018-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5868411/ /pubmed/29570245 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.22139 Text en http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms Users may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms
spellingShingle Article
Sylvetsky, Allison C.
Rother, Kristina I.
Non-nutritive Sweeteners in Weight Management and Chronic Disease: a review
title Non-nutritive Sweeteners in Weight Management and Chronic Disease: a review
title_full Non-nutritive Sweeteners in Weight Management and Chronic Disease: a review
title_fullStr Non-nutritive Sweeteners in Weight Management and Chronic Disease: a review
title_full_unstemmed Non-nutritive Sweeteners in Weight Management and Chronic Disease: a review
title_short Non-nutritive Sweeteners in Weight Management and Chronic Disease: a review
title_sort non-nutritive sweeteners in weight management and chronic disease: a review
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5868411/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29570245
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.22139
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