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Muscle Atrophy Induced by Mechanical Unloading: Mechanisms and Potential Countermeasures

Prolonged periods of skeletal muscle inactivity or mechanical unloading (bed rest, hindlimb unloading, immobilization, spaceflight and reduced step) can result in a significant loss of musculoskeletal mass, size and strength which ultimately lead to muscle atrophy. With advancement in understanding...

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Autores principales: Gao, Yunfang, Arfat, Yasir, Wang, Huiping, Goswami, Nandu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5869217/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29615929
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00235
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author Gao, Yunfang
Arfat, Yasir
Wang, Huiping
Goswami, Nandu
author_facet Gao, Yunfang
Arfat, Yasir
Wang, Huiping
Goswami, Nandu
author_sort Gao, Yunfang
collection PubMed
description Prolonged periods of skeletal muscle inactivity or mechanical unloading (bed rest, hindlimb unloading, immobilization, spaceflight and reduced step) can result in a significant loss of musculoskeletal mass, size and strength which ultimately lead to muscle atrophy. With advancement in understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in disuse skeletal muscle atrophy, several different signaling pathways have been studied to understand their regulatory role in this process. However, substantial gaps exist in our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved, as well as their functional significance. This review aims to update the current state of knowledge and the underlying cellular mechanisms related to skeletal muscle loss during a variety of unloading conditions, both in humans and animals. Recent advancements in understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms, including IGF1-Akt-mTOR, MuRF1/MAFbx, FOXO, and potential triggers of disuse atrophy, such as calcium overload and ROS overproduction, as well as their role in skeletal muscle protein adaptation to disuse is emphasized. We have also elaborated potential therapeutic countermeasures that have shown promising results in preventing and restoring disuse-induced muscle loss. Finally, identified are the key challenges in this field as well as some future prospectives.
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spelling pubmed-58692172018-04-03 Muscle Atrophy Induced by Mechanical Unloading: Mechanisms and Potential Countermeasures Gao, Yunfang Arfat, Yasir Wang, Huiping Goswami, Nandu Front Physiol Physiology Prolonged periods of skeletal muscle inactivity or mechanical unloading (bed rest, hindlimb unloading, immobilization, spaceflight and reduced step) can result in a significant loss of musculoskeletal mass, size and strength which ultimately lead to muscle atrophy. With advancement in understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in disuse skeletal muscle atrophy, several different signaling pathways have been studied to understand their regulatory role in this process. However, substantial gaps exist in our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved, as well as their functional significance. This review aims to update the current state of knowledge and the underlying cellular mechanisms related to skeletal muscle loss during a variety of unloading conditions, both in humans and animals. Recent advancements in understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms, including IGF1-Akt-mTOR, MuRF1/MAFbx, FOXO, and potential triggers of disuse atrophy, such as calcium overload and ROS overproduction, as well as their role in skeletal muscle protein adaptation to disuse is emphasized. We have also elaborated potential therapeutic countermeasures that have shown promising results in preventing and restoring disuse-induced muscle loss. Finally, identified are the key challenges in this field as well as some future prospectives. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-03-20 /pmc/articles/PMC5869217/ /pubmed/29615929 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00235 Text en Copyright © 2018 Gao, Arfat, Wang and Goswami. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Gao, Yunfang
Arfat, Yasir
Wang, Huiping
Goswami, Nandu
Muscle Atrophy Induced by Mechanical Unloading: Mechanisms and Potential Countermeasures
title Muscle Atrophy Induced by Mechanical Unloading: Mechanisms and Potential Countermeasures
title_full Muscle Atrophy Induced by Mechanical Unloading: Mechanisms and Potential Countermeasures
title_fullStr Muscle Atrophy Induced by Mechanical Unloading: Mechanisms and Potential Countermeasures
title_full_unstemmed Muscle Atrophy Induced by Mechanical Unloading: Mechanisms and Potential Countermeasures
title_short Muscle Atrophy Induced by Mechanical Unloading: Mechanisms and Potential Countermeasures
title_sort muscle atrophy induced by mechanical unloading: mechanisms and potential countermeasures
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5869217/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29615929
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00235
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