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Are microRNAs Important Players in HIV-1 Infection? An Update

HIV-1 has already claimed over 35 million human lives globally. No curative treatments are currently available, and the only treatment option for over 36 million people currently living with HIV/AIDS are antiretroviral drugs that disrupt the function of virus-encoded proteins. However, such virus-ta...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Balasubramaniam, Muthukumar, Pandhare, Jui, Dash, Chandravanu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5869503/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29510515
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10030110
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author Balasubramaniam, Muthukumar
Pandhare, Jui
Dash, Chandravanu
author_facet Balasubramaniam, Muthukumar
Pandhare, Jui
Dash, Chandravanu
author_sort Balasubramaniam, Muthukumar
collection PubMed
description HIV-1 has already claimed over 35 million human lives globally. No curative treatments are currently available, and the only treatment option for over 36 million people currently living with HIV/AIDS are antiretroviral drugs that disrupt the function of virus-encoded proteins. However, such virus-targeted therapeutic strategies are constrained by the ability of the virus to develop drug-resistance. Despite major advances in HIV/AIDS research over the years, substantial knowledge gaps exist in many aspects of HIV-1 replication, especially its interaction with the host. Hence, understanding the mechanistic details of virus–host interactions may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention and/or management of HIV/AIDS. Notably, unprecedented progress in deciphering host gene silencing processes mediated by several classes of cellular small non-coding RNAs (sncRNA) presents a promising and timely opportunity for developing non-traditional antiviral therapeutic strategies. Cellular microRNAs (miRNA) belong to one such important class of sncRNAs that regulate protein synthesis. Evidence is mounting that cellular miRNAs play important roles in viral replication, either usurped by the virus to promote its replication or employed by the host to control viral infection by directly targeting the viral genome or by targeting cellular proteins required for productive virus replication. In this review, we summarize the findings to date on the role of miRNAs in HIV-1 biology.
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spelling pubmed-58695032018-03-28 Are microRNAs Important Players in HIV-1 Infection? An Update Balasubramaniam, Muthukumar Pandhare, Jui Dash, Chandravanu Viruses Review HIV-1 has already claimed over 35 million human lives globally. No curative treatments are currently available, and the only treatment option for over 36 million people currently living with HIV/AIDS are antiretroviral drugs that disrupt the function of virus-encoded proteins. However, such virus-targeted therapeutic strategies are constrained by the ability of the virus to develop drug-resistance. Despite major advances in HIV/AIDS research over the years, substantial knowledge gaps exist in many aspects of HIV-1 replication, especially its interaction with the host. Hence, understanding the mechanistic details of virus–host interactions may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention and/or management of HIV/AIDS. Notably, unprecedented progress in deciphering host gene silencing processes mediated by several classes of cellular small non-coding RNAs (sncRNA) presents a promising and timely opportunity for developing non-traditional antiviral therapeutic strategies. Cellular microRNAs (miRNA) belong to one such important class of sncRNAs that regulate protein synthesis. Evidence is mounting that cellular miRNAs play important roles in viral replication, either usurped by the virus to promote its replication or employed by the host to control viral infection by directly targeting the viral genome or by targeting cellular proteins required for productive virus replication. In this review, we summarize the findings to date on the role of miRNAs in HIV-1 biology. MDPI 2018-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5869503/ /pubmed/29510515 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10030110 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Balasubramaniam, Muthukumar
Pandhare, Jui
Dash, Chandravanu
Are microRNAs Important Players in HIV-1 Infection? An Update
title Are microRNAs Important Players in HIV-1 Infection? An Update
title_full Are microRNAs Important Players in HIV-1 Infection? An Update
title_fullStr Are microRNAs Important Players in HIV-1 Infection? An Update
title_full_unstemmed Are microRNAs Important Players in HIV-1 Infection? An Update
title_short Are microRNAs Important Players in HIV-1 Infection? An Update
title_sort are micrornas important players in hiv-1 infection? an update
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5869503/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29510515
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10030110
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