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Natural Variation in Resistance to Virus Infection in Dipteran Insects

The power and ease of Drosophila genetics and the medical relevance of mosquito-transmitted viruses have made dipterans important model organisms in antiviral immunology. Studies of virus–host interactions at the molecular and population levels have illuminated determinants of resistance to virus in...

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Autores principales: Palmer, William H., Varghese, Finny S., van Rij, Ronald P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5869511/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29522475
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10030118
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author Palmer, William H.
Varghese, Finny S.
van Rij, Ronald P.
author_facet Palmer, William H.
Varghese, Finny S.
van Rij, Ronald P.
author_sort Palmer, William H.
collection PubMed
description The power and ease of Drosophila genetics and the medical relevance of mosquito-transmitted viruses have made dipterans important model organisms in antiviral immunology. Studies of virus–host interactions at the molecular and population levels have illuminated determinants of resistance to virus infection. Here, we review the sources and nature of variation in antiviral immunity and virus susceptibility in model dipteran insects, specifically the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and vector mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Culex. We first discuss antiviral immune mechanisms and describe the virus-specificity of these responses. In the following sections, we review genetic and microbiota-dependent variation in antiviral immunity. In the final sections, we explore less well-studied sources of variation, including abiotic factors, sexual dimorphism, infection history, and endogenous viral elements. We borrow from work on other pathogen types and non-dipteran species when it parallels or complements studies in dipterans. Understanding natural variation in virus–host interactions may lead to the identification of novel restriction factors and immune mechanisms and shed light on the molecular determinants of vector competence.
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spelling pubmed-58695112018-03-28 Natural Variation in Resistance to Virus Infection in Dipteran Insects Palmer, William H. Varghese, Finny S. van Rij, Ronald P. Viruses Review The power and ease of Drosophila genetics and the medical relevance of mosquito-transmitted viruses have made dipterans important model organisms in antiviral immunology. Studies of virus–host interactions at the molecular and population levels have illuminated determinants of resistance to virus infection. Here, we review the sources and nature of variation in antiviral immunity and virus susceptibility in model dipteran insects, specifically the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and vector mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Culex. We first discuss antiviral immune mechanisms and describe the virus-specificity of these responses. In the following sections, we review genetic and microbiota-dependent variation in antiviral immunity. In the final sections, we explore less well-studied sources of variation, including abiotic factors, sexual dimorphism, infection history, and endogenous viral elements. We borrow from work on other pathogen types and non-dipteran species when it parallels or complements studies in dipterans. Understanding natural variation in virus–host interactions may lead to the identification of novel restriction factors and immune mechanisms and shed light on the molecular determinants of vector competence. MDPI 2018-03-09 /pmc/articles/PMC5869511/ /pubmed/29522475 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10030118 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Palmer, William H.
Varghese, Finny S.
van Rij, Ronald P.
Natural Variation in Resistance to Virus Infection in Dipteran Insects
title Natural Variation in Resistance to Virus Infection in Dipteran Insects
title_full Natural Variation in Resistance to Virus Infection in Dipteran Insects
title_fullStr Natural Variation in Resistance to Virus Infection in Dipteran Insects
title_full_unstemmed Natural Variation in Resistance to Virus Infection in Dipteran Insects
title_short Natural Variation in Resistance to Virus Infection in Dipteran Insects
title_sort natural variation in resistance to virus infection in dipteran insects
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5869511/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29522475
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10030118
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