Cargando…
Understanding the Effects of NaCl, NaBr and Their Mixtures on Silver Nanowire Nucleation and Growth in Terms of the Distribution of Electron Traps in Silver Halide Crystals
In recent years, many research groups have synthesized ultra-thin silver nanowires (AgNWs) with diameters below 30 nm by employing Cl(−) and Br(−) simultaneously in the polyol process. However, the yield of AgNWs in this method was low, due to the production of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an unwante...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5869652/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29538281 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8030161 |
_version_ | 1783309322392961024 |
---|---|
author | Rui, Yunjun Zhao, Weiliang Zhu, Dewei Wang, Hengyu Song, Guangliang Swihart, Mark T. Wan, Neng Gu, Dawei Tang, Xiaobing Yang, Ying Zhang, Tianyou |
author_facet | Rui, Yunjun Zhao, Weiliang Zhu, Dewei Wang, Hengyu Song, Guangliang Swihart, Mark T. Wan, Neng Gu, Dawei Tang, Xiaobing Yang, Ying Zhang, Tianyou |
author_sort | Rui, Yunjun |
collection | PubMed |
description | In recent years, many research groups have synthesized ultra-thin silver nanowires (AgNWs) with diameters below 30 nm by employing Cl(−) and Br(−) simultaneously in the polyol process. However, the yield of AgNWs in this method was low, due to the production of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an unwanted byproduct, especially in the case of high Br(−) concentration. Here, we investigated the roles of Cl(−) and Br(−) in the preparation of AgNWs and then synthesized high aspect ratio (up to 2100) AgNWs in high yield (>85% AgNWs) using a Cl(−) and Br(−) co-mediated method. We found that multiply-twinned particles (MTPs) with different critical sizes were formed and grew into AgNWs, accompanied by a small and large amount of AgNPs for the NaCl and NaBr additives, respectively. For the first time, we propose that the growth of AgNWs of different diameters and yields can be understood based on the electron trap distribution (ETD) of the silver halide crystals. For the case of Cl(−) and Br(−) co-additives, a mixed silver halide crystal of AgBr(1−x)Cl(x) was formed, rather than the AgBr/AgCl mixture reported previously. In this type of crystal, the ETD is uniform, which is beneficial for the synthesis of AgNWs with small diameter (30~40 nm) and high aspect ratio. AgNW transparent electrodes were prepared in air by rod coating. A sheet resistance of 48 Ω/sq and transmittance of 95% at 550 nm were obtained without any post-treatment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5869652 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-58696522018-03-28 Understanding the Effects of NaCl, NaBr and Their Mixtures on Silver Nanowire Nucleation and Growth in Terms of the Distribution of Electron Traps in Silver Halide Crystals Rui, Yunjun Zhao, Weiliang Zhu, Dewei Wang, Hengyu Song, Guangliang Swihart, Mark T. Wan, Neng Gu, Dawei Tang, Xiaobing Yang, Ying Zhang, Tianyou Nanomaterials (Basel) Article In recent years, many research groups have synthesized ultra-thin silver nanowires (AgNWs) with diameters below 30 nm by employing Cl(−) and Br(−) simultaneously in the polyol process. However, the yield of AgNWs in this method was low, due to the production of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an unwanted byproduct, especially in the case of high Br(−) concentration. Here, we investigated the roles of Cl(−) and Br(−) in the preparation of AgNWs and then synthesized high aspect ratio (up to 2100) AgNWs in high yield (>85% AgNWs) using a Cl(−) and Br(−) co-mediated method. We found that multiply-twinned particles (MTPs) with different critical sizes were formed and grew into AgNWs, accompanied by a small and large amount of AgNPs for the NaCl and NaBr additives, respectively. For the first time, we propose that the growth of AgNWs of different diameters and yields can be understood based on the electron trap distribution (ETD) of the silver halide crystals. For the case of Cl(−) and Br(−) co-additives, a mixed silver halide crystal of AgBr(1−x)Cl(x) was formed, rather than the AgBr/AgCl mixture reported previously. In this type of crystal, the ETD is uniform, which is beneficial for the synthesis of AgNWs with small diameter (30~40 nm) and high aspect ratio. AgNW transparent electrodes were prepared in air by rod coating. A sheet resistance of 48 Ω/sq and transmittance of 95% at 550 nm were obtained without any post-treatment. MDPI 2018-03-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5869652/ /pubmed/29538281 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8030161 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Rui, Yunjun Zhao, Weiliang Zhu, Dewei Wang, Hengyu Song, Guangliang Swihart, Mark T. Wan, Neng Gu, Dawei Tang, Xiaobing Yang, Ying Zhang, Tianyou Understanding the Effects of NaCl, NaBr and Their Mixtures on Silver Nanowire Nucleation and Growth in Terms of the Distribution of Electron Traps in Silver Halide Crystals |
title | Understanding the Effects of NaCl, NaBr and Their Mixtures on Silver Nanowire Nucleation and Growth in Terms of the Distribution of Electron Traps in Silver Halide Crystals |
title_full | Understanding the Effects of NaCl, NaBr and Their Mixtures on Silver Nanowire Nucleation and Growth in Terms of the Distribution of Electron Traps in Silver Halide Crystals |
title_fullStr | Understanding the Effects of NaCl, NaBr and Their Mixtures on Silver Nanowire Nucleation and Growth in Terms of the Distribution of Electron Traps in Silver Halide Crystals |
title_full_unstemmed | Understanding the Effects of NaCl, NaBr and Their Mixtures on Silver Nanowire Nucleation and Growth in Terms of the Distribution of Electron Traps in Silver Halide Crystals |
title_short | Understanding the Effects of NaCl, NaBr and Their Mixtures on Silver Nanowire Nucleation and Growth in Terms of the Distribution of Electron Traps in Silver Halide Crystals |
title_sort | understanding the effects of nacl, nabr and their mixtures on silver nanowire nucleation and growth in terms of the distribution of electron traps in silver halide crystals |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5869652/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29538281 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8030161 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT ruiyunjun understandingtheeffectsofnaclnabrandtheirmixturesonsilvernanowirenucleationandgrowthintermsofthedistributionofelectrontrapsinsilverhalidecrystals AT zhaoweiliang understandingtheeffectsofnaclnabrandtheirmixturesonsilvernanowirenucleationandgrowthintermsofthedistributionofelectrontrapsinsilverhalidecrystals AT zhudewei understandingtheeffectsofnaclnabrandtheirmixturesonsilvernanowirenucleationandgrowthintermsofthedistributionofelectrontrapsinsilverhalidecrystals AT wanghengyu understandingtheeffectsofnaclnabrandtheirmixturesonsilvernanowirenucleationandgrowthintermsofthedistributionofelectrontrapsinsilverhalidecrystals AT songguangliang understandingtheeffectsofnaclnabrandtheirmixturesonsilvernanowirenucleationandgrowthintermsofthedistributionofelectrontrapsinsilverhalidecrystals AT swihartmarkt understandingtheeffectsofnaclnabrandtheirmixturesonsilvernanowirenucleationandgrowthintermsofthedistributionofelectrontrapsinsilverhalidecrystals AT wanneng understandingtheeffectsofnaclnabrandtheirmixturesonsilvernanowirenucleationandgrowthintermsofthedistributionofelectrontrapsinsilverhalidecrystals AT gudawei understandingtheeffectsofnaclnabrandtheirmixturesonsilvernanowirenucleationandgrowthintermsofthedistributionofelectrontrapsinsilverhalidecrystals AT tangxiaobing understandingtheeffectsofnaclnabrandtheirmixturesonsilvernanowirenucleationandgrowthintermsofthedistributionofelectrontrapsinsilverhalidecrystals AT yangying understandingtheeffectsofnaclnabrandtheirmixturesonsilvernanowirenucleationandgrowthintermsofthedistributionofelectrontrapsinsilverhalidecrystals AT zhangtianyou understandingtheeffectsofnaclnabrandtheirmixturesonsilvernanowirenucleationandgrowthintermsofthedistributionofelectrontrapsinsilverhalidecrystals |