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Possible Role of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Error Awareness: Single-Pulse TMS Evidence

Background: Error awareness is essential to maintain an adaptive and goal-directed behavior and is supposed to rely on the activity of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). However, studies employing electrophysiological methods and functional resonance imaging (fMRI) do not allow to est...

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Autores principales: Masina, Fabio, Vallesi, Antonino, Di Rosa, Elisa, Semenzato, Luca, Mapelli, Daniela
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5871703/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29618969
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00179
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author Masina, Fabio
Vallesi, Antonino
Di Rosa, Elisa
Semenzato, Luca
Mapelli, Daniela
author_facet Masina, Fabio
Vallesi, Antonino
Di Rosa, Elisa
Semenzato, Luca
Mapelli, Daniela
author_sort Masina, Fabio
collection PubMed
description Background: Error awareness is essential to maintain an adaptive and goal-directed behavior and is supposed to rely on the activity of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). However, studies employing electrophysiological methods and functional resonance imaging (fMRI) do not allow to establish a causal relationship between error awareness and implicated brain structures. Objective: The study examined the causal relationship between DLPFC activity and error awareness in order to confirm the involvement of the right DLPFC in error awareness and to obtain temporal information about this process, namely when the activity of the right DLPFC is involved in error awareness. Methods: Three experiments with three different samples were conducted employing on-line Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). A paired-pulse and a single-pulse on-line TMS paradigm were employed respectively in Experiments 1 and 3, whereas in Experiment 2 a control test was conducted without TMS. In TMS experiments, the right DLPFC was stimulated, considering the left DLPFC and the Vertex as control sites. Results: Experiment 1 showed no effect of paired-pulse TMS over either right or left DLPFC on error awareness. In Experiment 3, independently from the time point during which TMS was delivered, results showed a significant effect of single-pulse TMS over the DLPFC on Stroop Awareness, without evidence for lateralization of the process. Conclusions: Results of the present study partially demonstrate the involvement of the DLPFC in error awareness.
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spelling pubmed-58717032018-04-04 Possible Role of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Error Awareness: Single-Pulse TMS Evidence Masina, Fabio Vallesi, Antonino Di Rosa, Elisa Semenzato, Luca Mapelli, Daniela Front Neurosci Neuroscience Background: Error awareness is essential to maintain an adaptive and goal-directed behavior and is supposed to rely on the activity of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). However, studies employing electrophysiological methods and functional resonance imaging (fMRI) do not allow to establish a causal relationship between error awareness and implicated brain structures. Objective: The study examined the causal relationship between DLPFC activity and error awareness in order to confirm the involvement of the right DLPFC in error awareness and to obtain temporal information about this process, namely when the activity of the right DLPFC is involved in error awareness. Methods: Three experiments with three different samples were conducted employing on-line Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). A paired-pulse and a single-pulse on-line TMS paradigm were employed respectively in Experiments 1 and 3, whereas in Experiment 2 a control test was conducted without TMS. In TMS experiments, the right DLPFC was stimulated, considering the left DLPFC and the Vertex as control sites. Results: Experiment 1 showed no effect of paired-pulse TMS over either right or left DLPFC on error awareness. In Experiment 3, independently from the time point during which TMS was delivered, results showed a significant effect of single-pulse TMS over the DLPFC on Stroop Awareness, without evidence for lateralization of the process. Conclusions: Results of the present study partially demonstrate the involvement of the DLPFC in error awareness. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-03-21 /pmc/articles/PMC5871703/ /pubmed/29618969 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00179 Text en Copyright © 2018 Masina, Vallesi, Di Rosa, Semenzato and Mapelli. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Masina, Fabio
Vallesi, Antonino
Di Rosa, Elisa
Semenzato, Luca
Mapelli, Daniela
Possible Role of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Error Awareness: Single-Pulse TMS Evidence
title Possible Role of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Error Awareness: Single-Pulse TMS Evidence
title_full Possible Role of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Error Awareness: Single-Pulse TMS Evidence
title_fullStr Possible Role of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Error Awareness: Single-Pulse TMS Evidence
title_full_unstemmed Possible Role of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Error Awareness: Single-Pulse TMS Evidence
title_short Possible Role of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Error Awareness: Single-Pulse TMS Evidence
title_sort possible role of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in error awareness: single-pulse tms evidence
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5871703/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29618969
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00179
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