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South African medicinal plant extracts active against influenza A virus

BACKGROUND: Influenza infection remains a major health threat for animals and humans which crucially requires effective antiviral remedies. The usage of herbal medications as readily available alternatives for their compatibility with the body and fewer side effects compared to synthetic chemical tr...

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Autores principales: Mehrbod, Parvaneh, Abdalla, Muna A., Njoya, Emmanuel M., Ahmed, Aroke S., Fotouhi, Fatemeh, Farahmand, Behrokh, Gado, Dorcas A., Tabatabaian, Mansoureh, Fasanmi, Olubunmi G., Eloff, Jacobus N., McGaw, Lyndy J., Fasina, Folorunso O.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5872571/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29587734
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2184-y
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author Mehrbod, Parvaneh
Abdalla, Muna A.
Njoya, Emmanuel M.
Ahmed, Aroke S.
Fotouhi, Fatemeh
Farahmand, Behrokh
Gado, Dorcas A.
Tabatabaian, Mansoureh
Fasanmi, Olubunmi G.
Eloff, Jacobus N.
McGaw, Lyndy J.
Fasina, Folorunso O.
author_facet Mehrbod, Parvaneh
Abdalla, Muna A.
Njoya, Emmanuel M.
Ahmed, Aroke S.
Fotouhi, Fatemeh
Farahmand, Behrokh
Gado, Dorcas A.
Tabatabaian, Mansoureh
Fasanmi, Olubunmi G.
Eloff, Jacobus N.
McGaw, Lyndy J.
Fasina, Folorunso O.
author_sort Mehrbod, Parvaneh
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Influenza infection remains a major health threat for animals and humans which crucially requires effective antiviral remedies. The usage of herbal medications as readily available alternatives for their compatibility with the body and fewer side effects compared to synthetic chemical treatments has become popular globally. The aim of this study was to investigate and screen in vitro anti-influenza activity of extracts of five South African medicinal plants, namely Tabernaemontana ventricosa, Cussonia spicata, Rapanea melanophloeos, Pittosporum viridiflorum and Clerodendrum glabrum, species which are used traditionally for the treatment of several diseases such as inflammatory and respiratory diseases. METHODS: Methanol, ethanol (100% and 30%), acetone, hot and cold water extracts of the powdered plants leaves were obtained by standard methods. The cytotoxicity was determined by the MTT colorimetric assay on MDCK cells. The concentrations below CC(50) values were tested for antiviral activity against influenza A virus (IAV) in different combination treatments. The effect of extracts on viral surface glycoproteins and viral titer were tested by HI and HA virological assays, respectively. RESULTS: Based on the applied methods, the most effective results against IAV were obtained from Rapanea melanophloeos methanol leaf extract (EC(50) = 113.3 μg/ml) and Pittosporum viridiflorum methanol, 100% and 30% ethanol and acetone leaf extracts (EC(50) values = 3.6, 3.4, 19.2, 82.3 μg/ml, respectively) in all types of combined treatments especially in pre- and post-penetration combined treatments with highly significant effects against viral titer (P ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSION: The outcomes offer for the first time a scientific basis for the use of extracts of Rapanea melanophloeos and Pittosporum viridiflorum against IAV. It is worth focusing on the isolation and identification of effective active compounds and elucidating the mechanism of action from these species. However, Tabernaemontana ventricosa, Cussonia spicata and Clerodendrum glabrum leaf extracts were ineffective in vitro in this study. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2184-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-58725712018-04-02 South African medicinal plant extracts active against influenza A virus Mehrbod, Parvaneh Abdalla, Muna A. Njoya, Emmanuel M. Ahmed, Aroke S. Fotouhi, Fatemeh Farahmand, Behrokh Gado, Dorcas A. Tabatabaian, Mansoureh Fasanmi, Olubunmi G. Eloff, Jacobus N. McGaw, Lyndy J. Fasina, Folorunso O. BMC Complement Altern Med Research Article BACKGROUND: Influenza infection remains a major health threat for animals and humans which crucially requires effective antiviral remedies. The usage of herbal medications as readily available alternatives for their compatibility with the body and fewer side effects compared to synthetic chemical treatments has become popular globally. The aim of this study was to investigate and screen in vitro anti-influenza activity of extracts of five South African medicinal plants, namely Tabernaemontana ventricosa, Cussonia spicata, Rapanea melanophloeos, Pittosporum viridiflorum and Clerodendrum glabrum, species which are used traditionally for the treatment of several diseases such as inflammatory and respiratory diseases. METHODS: Methanol, ethanol (100% and 30%), acetone, hot and cold water extracts of the powdered plants leaves were obtained by standard methods. The cytotoxicity was determined by the MTT colorimetric assay on MDCK cells. The concentrations below CC(50) values were tested for antiviral activity against influenza A virus (IAV) in different combination treatments. The effect of extracts on viral surface glycoproteins and viral titer were tested by HI and HA virological assays, respectively. RESULTS: Based on the applied methods, the most effective results against IAV were obtained from Rapanea melanophloeos methanol leaf extract (EC(50) = 113.3 μg/ml) and Pittosporum viridiflorum methanol, 100% and 30% ethanol and acetone leaf extracts (EC(50) values = 3.6, 3.4, 19.2, 82.3 μg/ml, respectively) in all types of combined treatments especially in pre- and post-penetration combined treatments with highly significant effects against viral titer (P ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSION: The outcomes offer for the first time a scientific basis for the use of extracts of Rapanea melanophloeos and Pittosporum viridiflorum against IAV. It is worth focusing on the isolation and identification of effective active compounds and elucidating the mechanism of action from these species. However, Tabernaemontana ventricosa, Cussonia spicata and Clerodendrum glabrum leaf extracts were ineffective in vitro in this study. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2184-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2018-03-27 /pmc/articles/PMC5872571/ /pubmed/29587734 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2184-y Text en © The Author(s). 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Mehrbod, Parvaneh
Abdalla, Muna A.
Njoya, Emmanuel M.
Ahmed, Aroke S.
Fotouhi, Fatemeh
Farahmand, Behrokh
Gado, Dorcas A.
Tabatabaian, Mansoureh
Fasanmi, Olubunmi G.
Eloff, Jacobus N.
McGaw, Lyndy J.
Fasina, Folorunso O.
South African medicinal plant extracts active against influenza A virus
title South African medicinal plant extracts active against influenza A virus
title_full South African medicinal plant extracts active against influenza A virus
title_fullStr South African medicinal plant extracts active against influenza A virus
title_full_unstemmed South African medicinal plant extracts active against influenza A virus
title_short South African medicinal plant extracts active against influenza A virus
title_sort south african medicinal plant extracts active against influenza a virus
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5872571/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29587734
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2184-y
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