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Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Age of Menarche and Menopause
Cadmium exposure can cause several adverse health effects. Animal studies have also shown that cadmium exposure can affect menarche or menopause. However, data is limited in humans. We conducted a retrospective study to assess whether cadmium exposure was associated with different ages of menarche a...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5874779/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29280952 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics6010006 |
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author | Chen, Xiao Zhu, Guoying Jin, Taiyi |
author_facet | Chen, Xiao Zhu, Guoying Jin, Taiyi |
author_sort | Chen, Xiao |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cadmium exposure can cause several adverse health effects. Animal studies have also shown that cadmium exposure can affect menarche or menopause. However, data is limited in humans. We conducted a retrospective study to assess whether cadmium exposure was associated with different ages of menarche and menopause in a Chinese population. A total of 429 women living in control (n = 137) and two cadmium-polluted areas (n = 292) were included in this study. A total of 223 and 206 subjects were included in the analysis for menarche and menopause, respectively. The median menarche age of population living in the heavily cadmium-polluted area was significantly younger than those in the control area (14.0 vs. 15.0, p < 0.01). Logistic regression showed that the odds ratio (OR) of early occurrence of menarche (<13 years) in the population living in the heavily polluted area and moderately polluted area was 3.7 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5–9.7) and 1.3 (95% CI: 0.7–2.6) compared with control, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the age of menopause in the population of these three areas. In conclusion, our data indicated that cadmium exposure may cause early menarche. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5874779 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-58747792018-04-02 Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Age of Menarche and Menopause Chen, Xiao Zhu, Guoying Jin, Taiyi Toxics Brief Report Cadmium exposure can cause several adverse health effects. Animal studies have also shown that cadmium exposure can affect menarche or menopause. However, data is limited in humans. We conducted a retrospective study to assess whether cadmium exposure was associated with different ages of menarche and menopause in a Chinese population. A total of 429 women living in control (n = 137) and two cadmium-polluted areas (n = 292) were included in this study. A total of 223 and 206 subjects were included in the analysis for menarche and menopause, respectively. The median menarche age of population living in the heavily cadmium-polluted area was significantly younger than those in the control area (14.0 vs. 15.0, p < 0.01). Logistic regression showed that the odds ratio (OR) of early occurrence of menarche (<13 years) in the population living in the heavily polluted area and moderately polluted area was 3.7 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5–9.7) and 1.3 (95% CI: 0.7–2.6) compared with control, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the age of menopause in the population of these three areas. In conclusion, our data indicated that cadmium exposure may cause early menarche. MDPI 2017-12-27 /pmc/articles/PMC5874779/ /pubmed/29280952 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics6010006 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Brief Report Chen, Xiao Zhu, Guoying Jin, Taiyi Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Age of Menarche and Menopause |
title | Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Age of Menarche and Menopause |
title_full | Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Age of Menarche and Menopause |
title_fullStr | Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Age of Menarche and Menopause |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Age of Menarche and Menopause |
title_short | Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Age of Menarche and Menopause |
title_sort | effects of cadmium exposure on age of menarche and menopause |
topic | Brief Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5874779/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29280952 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics6010006 |
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