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Quantitative patterns of vertical transmission of deformed wing virus in honey bees

Deformed wing virus (DWV) is an important pathogen in a broad range of insects, including honey bees. Concordant with the spread of Varroa, DWV is present in the majority of honey bee colonies and can result in either low-level infections with asymptomatic bees that nonetheless exhibit increased col...

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Autores principales: Amiri, Esmaeil, Kryger, Per, Meixner, Marina D., Strand, Micheline K., Tarpy, David R., Rueppell, Olav
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5875871/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29596509
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195283
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author Amiri, Esmaeil
Kryger, Per
Meixner, Marina D.
Strand, Micheline K.
Tarpy, David R.
Rueppell, Olav
author_facet Amiri, Esmaeil
Kryger, Per
Meixner, Marina D.
Strand, Micheline K.
Tarpy, David R.
Rueppell, Olav
author_sort Amiri, Esmaeil
collection PubMed
description Deformed wing virus (DWV) is an important pathogen in a broad range of insects, including honey bees. Concordant with the spread of Varroa, DWV is present in the majority of honey bee colonies and can result in either low-level infections with asymptomatic bees that nonetheless exhibit increased colony loss under stress, or high-level infections with acute effects on bee health and viability. DWV can be transmitted vertically or horizontally and evidence suggests that horizontal transmission via Varroa is associated with acute symptomatic infections. Vertical transmission also occurs and is presumably important for the maintenance of DWV in honey bee populations. To further our understanding the vertical transmission of DWV through queens, we performed three experiments: we studied the quantitative effectiveness of vertical transmission, surveyed the prevalence of successful egg infection under commercial conditions, and distinguished among three possible mechanisms of transmission. We find that queen-infection level predicts the DWV titers in their eggs, although the transmission is not very efficient. Our quantitative assessment of DWV demonstrates that eggs in 1/3 of the colonies are infected with DWV and highly infected eggs are rare in newly-installed spring colonies. Additionally, our results indicate that DWV transmission occurs predominantly by virus adhering to the surface of eggs (transovum) rather than intracellularly. Our combined results suggest that the queens’ DWV vectoring capacity in practice is not as high as its theoretical potential. Thus, DWV transmission by honey bee queens is part of the DWV epidemic with relevant practical implications, which should be further studied.
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spelling pubmed-58758712018-04-13 Quantitative patterns of vertical transmission of deformed wing virus in honey bees Amiri, Esmaeil Kryger, Per Meixner, Marina D. Strand, Micheline K. Tarpy, David R. Rueppell, Olav PLoS One Research Article Deformed wing virus (DWV) is an important pathogen in a broad range of insects, including honey bees. Concordant with the spread of Varroa, DWV is present in the majority of honey bee colonies and can result in either low-level infections with asymptomatic bees that nonetheless exhibit increased colony loss under stress, or high-level infections with acute effects on bee health and viability. DWV can be transmitted vertically or horizontally and evidence suggests that horizontal transmission via Varroa is associated with acute symptomatic infections. Vertical transmission also occurs and is presumably important for the maintenance of DWV in honey bee populations. To further our understanding the vertical transmission of DWV through queens, we performed three experiments: we studied the quantitative effectiveness of vertical transmission, surveyed the prevalence of successful egg infection under commercial conditions, and distinguished among three possible mechanisms of transmission. We find that queen-infection level predicts the DWV titers in their eggs, although the transmission is not very efficient. Our quantitative assessment of DWV demonstrates that eggs in 1/3 of the colonies are infected with DWV and highly infected eggs are rare in newly-installed spring colonies. Additionally, our results indicate that DWV transmission occurs predominantly by virus adhering to the surface of eggs (transovum) rather than intracellularly. Our combined results suggest that the queens’ DWV vectoring capacity in practice is not as high as its theoretical potential. Thus, DWV transmission by honey bee queens is part of the DWV epidemic with relevant practical implications, which should be further studied. Public Library of Science 2018-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC5875871/ /pubmed/29596509 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195283 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication.
spellingShingle Research Article
Amiri, Esmaeil
Kryger, Per
Meixner, Marina D.
Strand, Micheline K.
Tarpy, David R.
Rueppell, Olav
Quantitative patterns of vertical transmission of deformed wing virus in honey bees
title Quantitative patterns of vertical transmission of deformed wing virus in honey bees
title_full Quantitative patterns of vertical transmission of deformed wing virus in honey bees
title_fullStr Quantitative patterns of vertical transmission of deformed wing virus in honey bees
title_full_unstemmed Quantitative patterns of vertical transmission of deformed wing virus in honey bees
title_short Quantitative patterns of vertical transmission of deformed wing virus in honey bees
title_sort quantitative patterns of vertical transmission of deformed wing virus in honey bees
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5875871/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29596509
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195283
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