Electrochemical Sensor for Bilirubin Detection Using Screen Printed Electrodes Functionalized with Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene

Practice oriented point-of-care diagnostics require easy-to-handle, miniaturized, and low-cost analytical tools. In a novel approach, screen printed carbon electrodes (SPEs), which were functionalized with nanomaterials, are employed for selective measurements of bilirubin, which is an important bio...

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Autores principales: Thangamuthu, Madasamy, Gabriel, Willimann Eric, Santschi, Christian, Martin, Olivier J. F.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5876756/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29518901
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18030800
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author Thangamuthu, Madasamy
Gabriel, Willimann Eric
Santschi, Christian
Martin, Olivier J. F.
author_facet Thangamuthu, Madasamy
Gabriel, Willimann Eric
Santschi, Christian
Martin, Olivier J. F.
author_sort Thangamuthu, Madasamy
collection PubMed
description Practice oriented point-of-care diagnostics require easy-to-handle, miniaturized, and low-cost analytical tools. In a novel approach, screen printed carbon electrodes (SPEs), which were functionalized with nanomaterials, are employed for selective measurements of bilirubin, which is an important biomarker for jaundice. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene separately deposited on SPEs provide the core of an electrochemical sensor for bilirubin. The electrocatalytic activity towards bilirubin oxidation (bilirubin to biliverdin) was observed at +0.25 V. In addition, a further peak corresponding to the electrochemical conversion of biliverdin into purpurin appeared at +0.48 V. When compared to MWCNT, the graphene type shows a 3-fold lower detection limit (0.3 ± 0.022 nM and 0.1 ± 0.018 nM, respectively), moreover, the graphene type exhibits a larger linear range (0.1–600 µM) than MWCNT (0.5–500 µM) with a two-fold better sensitivity, i.e., 30 nA µM(−1) cm(−2), and 15 nA µM(−1) cm(−2), respectively. The viability is validated through measurements of bilirubin in blood serum samples and the selectivity is ensured by inhibiting common interfering biological substrates using an ionic nafion membrane. The presented approach enables the design and implementation of low cost and miniaturized electrochemical sensors.
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spelling pubmed-58767562018-04-09 Electrochemical Sensor for Bilirubin Detection Using Screen Printed Electrodes Functionalized with Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Thangamuthu, Madasamy Gabriel, Willimann Eric Santschi, Christian Martin, Olivier J. F. Sensors (Basel) Article Practice oriented point-of-care diagnostics require easy-to-handle, miniaturized, and low-cost analytical tools. In a novel approach, screen printed carbon electrodes (SPEs), which were functionalized with nanomaterials, are employed for selective measurements of bilirubin, which is an important biomarker for jaundice. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene separately deposited on SPEs provide the core of an electrochemical sensor for bilirubin. The electrocatalytic activity towards bilirubin oxidation (bilirubin to biliverdin) was observed at +0.25 V. In addition, a further peak corresponding to the electrochemical conversion of biliverdin into purpurin appeared at +0.48 V. When compared to MWCNT, the graphene type shows a 3-fold lower detection limit (0.3 ± 0.022 nM and 0.1 ± 0.018 nM, respectively), moreover, the graphene type exhibits a larger linear range (0.1–600 µM) than MWCNT (0.5–500 µM) with a two-fold better sensitivity, i.e., 30 nA µM(−1) cm(−2), and 15 nA µM(−1) cm(−2), respectively. The viability is validated through measurements of bilirubin in blood serum samples and the selectivity is ensured by inhibiting common interfering biological substrates using an ionic nafion membrane. The presented approach enables the design and implementation of low cost and miniaturized electrochemical sensors. MDPI 2018-03-07 /pmc/articles/PMC5876756/ /pubmed/29518901 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18030800 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Thangamuthu, Madasamy
Gabriel, Willimann Eric
Santschi, Christian
Martin, Olivier J. F.
Electrochemical Sensor for Bilirubin Detection Using Screen Printed Electrodes Functionalized with Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
title Electrochemical Sensor for Bilirubin Detection Using Screen Printed Electrodes Functionalized with Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
title_full Electrochemical Sensor for Bilirubin Detection Using Screen Printed Electrodes Functionalized with Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
title_fullStr Electrochemical Sensor for Bilirubin Detection Using Screen Printed Electrodes Functionalized with Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
title_full_unstemmed Electrochemical Sensor for Bilirubin Detection Using Screen Printed Electrodes Functionalized with Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
title_short Electrochemical Sensor for Bilirubin Detection Using Screen Printed Electrodes Functionalized with Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
title_sort electrochemical sensor for bilirubin detection using screen printed electrodes functionalized with carbon nanotubes and graphene
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5876756/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29518901
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18030800
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