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Focus on Chronic Exposure for Deriving Drinking Water Guidance Underestimates Potential Risk to Infants

In 2007, the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) developed new risk assessment methods for deriving human health-based water guidance (HBG) that incorporated the assessment of multiple exposure durations and life stages. The methodology is based on US Environmental Protection Agency recommendations...

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Autor principal: Goeden, Helen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5877057/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29538282
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030512
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author Goeden, Helen
author_facet Goeden, Helen
author_sort Goeden, Helen
collection PubMed
description In 2007, the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) developed new risk assessment methods for deriving human health-based water guidance (HBG) that incorporated the assessment of multiple exposure durations and life stages. The methodology is based on US Environmental Protection Agency recommendations for protecting children’s health (US EPA 2002). Over the last 10 years, the MDH has derived multiple duration (e.g., short-term, subchronic, and chronic) water guidance for over 60 chemicals. This effort involved derivation of multiple duration reference doses (RfDs) and selection of corresponding water intake rates (e.g., infant, child, and lifetime). As expected, RfDs typically decreased with increasing exposure duration. However, the corresponding HBG frequently did not decrease with increasing duration. For more than half of the chemicals, the shorter duration HBG was lower than chronic HBG value. Conventional wisdom has been that chronic-based values will be the most conservative and will therefore be protective of less than chronic exposures. However, the MDH’s experience highlights the importance of evaluating short-term exposures. For many chemicals, elevated intake rates early in life, coupled with short-term RfDs, resulted in the lowest HBG. Drinking water criteria based on chronic assessments may not be protective of short-term exposures in highly exposed populations such as formula-fed infants.
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spelling pubmed-58770572018-04-09 Focus on Chronic Exposure for Deriving Drinking Water Guidance Underestimates Potential Risk to Infants Goeden, Helen Int J Environ Res Public Health Article In 2007, the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) developed new risk assessment methods for deriving human health-based water guidance (HBG) that incorporated the assessment of multiple exposure durations and life stages. The methodology is based on US Environmental Protection Agency recommendations for protecting children’s health (US EPA 2002). Over the last 10 years, the MDH has derived multiple duration (e.g., short-term, subchronic, and chronic) water guidance for over 60 chemicals. This effort involved derivation of multiple duration reference doses (RfDs) and selection of corresponding water intake rates (e.g., infant, child, and lifetime). As expected, RfDs typically decreased with increasing exposure duration. However, the corresponding HBG frequently did not decrease with increasing duration. For more than half of the chemicals, the shorter duration HBG was lower than chronic HBG value. Conventional wisdom has been that chronic-based values will be the most conservative and will therefore be protective of less than chronic exposures. However, the MDH’s experience highlights the importance of evaluating short-term exposures. For many chemicals, elevated intake rates early in life, coupled with short-term RfDs, resulted in the lowest HBG. Drinking water criteria based on chronic assessments may not be protective of short-term exposures in highly exposed populations such as formula-fed infants. MDPI 2018-03-14 2018-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5877057/ /pubmed/29538282 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030512 Text en © 2018 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Goeden, Helen
Focus on Chronic Exposure for Deriving Drinking Water Guidance Underestimates Potential Risk to Infants
title Focus on Chronic Exposure for Deriving Drinking Water Guidance Underestimates Potential Risk to Infants
title_full Focus on Chronic Exposure for Deriving Drinking Water Guidance Underestimates Potential Risk to Infants
title_fullStr Focus on Chronic Exposure for Deriving Drinking Water Guidance Underestimates Potential Risk to Infants
title_full_unstemmed Focus on Chronic Exposure for Deriving Drinking Water Guidance Underestimates Potential Risk to Infants
title_short Focus on Chronic Exposure for Deriving Drinking Water Guidance Underestimates Potential Risk to Infants
title_sort focus on chronic exposure for deriving drinking water guidance underestimates potential risk to infants
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5877057/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29538282
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030512
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