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Estrogen, Angiogenesis, Immunity and Cell Metabolism: Solving the Puzzle
Estrogen plays an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular physiology and the immune system by inducing direct effects on multiple cell types including immune and vascular cells. Sex steroid hormones are implicated in cardiovascular protection, including endothelial healing in case of arte...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5877720/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29543707 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19030859 |
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author | Trenti, Annalisa Tedesco, Serena Boscaro, Carlotta Trevisi, Lucia Bolego, Chiara Cignarella, Andrea |
author_facet | Trenti, Annalisa Tedesco, Serena Boscaro, Carlotta Trevisi, Lucia Bolego, Chiara Cignarella, Andrea |
author_sort | Trenti, Annalisa |
collection | PubMed |
description | Estrogen plays an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular physiology and the immune system by inducing direct effects on multiple cell types including immune and vascular cells. Sex steroid hormones are implicated in cardiovascular protection, including endothelial healing in case of arterial injury and collateral vessel formation in ischemic tissue. Estrogen can exert potent modulation effects at all levels of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Their action is mediated by interaction with classical estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ, as well as the more recently identified G-protein coupled receptor 30/G-protein estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1), via both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. Emerging data from the literature suggest that estrogen deficiency in menopause is associated with an increased potential for an unresolved inflammatory status. In this review, we provide an overview through the puzzle pieces of how 17β-estradiol can influence the cardiovascular and immune systems. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5877720 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-58777202018-04-09 Estrogen, Angiogenesis, Immunity and Cell Metabolism: Solving the Puzzle Trenti, Annalisa Tedesco, Serena Boscaro, Carlotta Trevisi, Lucia Bolego, Chiara Cignarella, Andrea Int J Mol Sci Review Estrogen plays an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular physiology and the immune system by inducing direct effects on multiple cell types including immune and vascular cells. Sex steroid hormones are implicated in cardiovascular protection, including endothelial healing in case of arterial injury and collateral vessel formation in ischemic tissue. Estrogen can exert potent modulation effects at all levels of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Their action is mediated by interaction with classical estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ, as well as the more recently identified G-protein coupled receptor 30/G-protein estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1), via both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. Emerging data from the literature suggest that estrogen deficiency in menopause is associated with an increased potential for an unresolved inflammatory status. In this review, we provide an overview through the puzzle pieces of how 17β-estradiol can influence the cardiovascular and immune systems. MDPI 2018-03-15 /pmc/articles/PMC5877720/ /pubmed/29543707 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19030859 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Trenti, Annalisa Tedesco, Serena Boscaro, Carlotta Trevisi, Lucia Bolego, Chiara Cignarella, Andrea Estrogen, Angiogenesis, Immunity and Cell Metabolism: Solving the Puzzle |
title | Estrogen, Angiogenesis, Immunity and Cell Metabolism: Solving the Puzzle |
title_full | Estrogen, Angiogenesis, Immunity and Cell Metabolism: Solving the Puzzle |
title_fullStr | Estrogen, Angiogenesis, Immunity and Cell Metabolism: Solving the Puzzle |
title_full_unstemmed | Estrogen, Angiogenesis, Immunity and Cell Metabolism: Solving the Puzzle |
title_short | Estrogen, Angiogenesis, Immunity and Cell Metabolism: Solving the Puzzle |
title_sort | estrogen, angiogenesis, immunity and cell metabolism: solving the puzzle |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5877720/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29543707 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19030859 |
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