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Population genomic analysis of elongated skulls reveals extensive female-biased immigration in Early Medieval Bavaria

Modern European genetic structure demonstrates strong correlations with geography, while genetic analysis of prehistoric humans has indicated at least two major waves of immigration from outside the continent during periods of cultural change. However, population-level genome data that could shed li...

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Autores principales: Veeramah, Krishna R., Rott, Andreas, Groß, Melanie, van Dorp, Lucy, López, Saioa, Kirsanow, Karola, Sell, Christian, Blöcher, Jens, Wegmann, Daniel, Link, Vivian, Hofmanová, Zuzana, Peters, Joris, Trautmann, Bernd, Gairhos, Anja, Haberstroh, Jochen, Päffgen, Bernd, Hellenthal, Garrett, Haas-Gebhard, Brigitte, Harbeck, Michaela, Burger, Joachim
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Academy of Sciences 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5879695/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29531040
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719880115
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author Veeramah, Krishna R.
Rott, Andreas
Groß, Melanie
van Dorp, Lucy
López, Saioa
Kirsanow, Karola
Sell, Christian
Blöcher, Jens
Wegmann, Daniel
Link, Vivian
Hofmanová, Zuzana
Peters, Joris
Trautmann, Bernd
Gairhos, Anja
Haberstroh, Jochen
Päffgen, Bernd
Hellenthal, Garrett
Haas-Gebhard, Brigitte
Harbeck, Michaela
Burger, Joachim
author_facet Veeramah, Krishna R.
Rott, Andreas
Groß, Melanie
van Dorp, Lucy
López, Saioa
Kirsanow, Karola
Sell, Christian
Blöcher, Jens
Wegmann, Daniel
Link, Vivian
Hofmanová, Zuzana
Peters, Joris
Trautmann, Bernd
Gairhos, Anja
Haberstroh, Jochen
Päffgen, Bernd
Hellenthal, Garrett
Haas-Gebhard, Brigitte
Harbeck, Michaela
Burger, Joachim
author_sort Veeramah, Krishna R.
collection PubMed
description Modern European genetic structure demonstrates strong correlations with geography, while genetic analysis of prehistoric humans has indicated at least two major waves of immigration from outside the continent during periods of cultural change. However, population-level genome data that could shed light on the demographic processes occurring during the intervening periods have been absent. Therefore, we generated genomic data from 41 individuals dating mostly to the late 5th/early 6th century AD from present-day Bavaria in southern Germany, including 11 whole genomes (mean depth 5.56×). In addition we developed a capture array to sequence neutral regions spanning a total of 5 Mb and 486 functional polymorphic sites to high depth (mean 72×) in all individuals. Our data indicate that while men generally had ancestry that closely resembles modern northern and central Europeans, women exhibit a very high genetic heterogeneity; this includes signals of genetic ancestry ranging from western Europe to East Asia. Particularly striking are women with artificial skull deformations; the analysis of their collective genetic ancestry suggests an origin in southeastern Europe. In addition, functional variants indicate that they also differed in visible characteristics. This example of female-biased migration indicates that complex demographic processes during the Early Medieval period may have contributed in an unexpected way to shape the modern European genetic landscape. Examination of the panel of functional loci also revealed that many alleles associated with recent positive selection were already at modern-like frequencies in European populations ∼1,500 years ago.
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spelling pubmed-58796952018-04-03 Population genomic analysis of elongated skulls reveals extensive female-biased immigration in Early Medieval Bavaria Veeramah, Krishna R. Rott, Andreas Groß, Melanie van Dorp, Lucy López, Saioa Kirsanow, Karola Sell, Christian Blöcher, Jens Wegmann, Daniel Link, Vivian Hofmanová, Zuzana Peters, Joris Trautmann, Bernd Gairhos, Anja Haberstroh, Jochen Päffgen, Bernd Hellenthal, Garrett Haas-Gebhard, Brigitte Harbeck, Michaela Burger, Joachim Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Biological Sciences Modern European genetic structure demonstrates strong correlations with geography, while genetic analysis of prehistoric humans has indicated at least two major waves of immigration from outside the continent during periods of cultural change. However, population-level genome data that could shed light on the demographic processes occurring during the intervening periods have been absent. Therefore, we generated genomic data from 41 individuals dating mostly to the late 5th/early 6th century AD from present-day Bavaria in southern Germany, including 11 whole genomes (mean depth 5.56×). In addition we developed a capture array to sequence neutral regions spanning a total of 5 Mb and 486 functional polymorphic sites to high depth (mean 72×) in all individuals. Our data indicate that while men generally had ancestry that closely resembles modern northern and central Europeans, women exhibit a very high genetic heterogeneity; this includes signals of genetic ancestry ranging from western Europe to East Asia. Particularly striking are women with artificial skull deformations; the analysis of their collective genetic ancestry suggests an origin in southeastern Europe. In addition, functional variants indicate that they also differed in visible characteristics. This example of female-biased migration indicates that complex demographic processes during the Early Medieval period may have contributed in an unexpected way to shape the modern European genetic landscape. Examination of the panel of functional loci also revealed that many alleles associated with recent positive selection were already at modern-like frequencies in European populations ∼1,500 years ago. National Academy of Sciences 2018-03-27 2018-03-12 /pmc/articles/PMC5879695/ /pubmed/29531040 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719880115 Text en Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Biological Sciences
Veeramah, Krishna R.
Rott, Andreas
Groß, Melanie
van Dorp, Lucy
López, Saioa
Kirsanow, Karola
Sell, Christian
Blöcher, Jens
Wegmann, Daniel
Link, Vivian
Hofmanová, Zuzana
Peters, Joris
Trautmann, Bernd
Gairhos, Anja
Haberstroh, Jochen
Päffgen, Bernd
Hellenthal, Garrett
Haas-Gebhard, Brigitte
Harbeck, Michaela
Burger, Joachim
Population genomic analysis of elongated skulls reveals extensive female-biased immigration in Early Medieval Bavaria
title Population genomic analysis of elongated skulls reveals extensive female-biased immigration in Early Medieval Bavaria
title_full Population genomic analysis of elongated skulls reveals extensive female-biased immigration in Early Medieval Bavaria
title_fullStr Population genomic analysis of elongated skulls reveals extensive female-biased immigration in Early Medieval Bavaria
title_full_unstemmed Population genomic analysis of elongated skulls reveals extensive female-biased immigration in Early Medieval Bavaria
title_short Population genomic analysis of elongated skulls reveals extensive female-biased immigration in Early Medieval Bavaria
title_sort population genomic analysis of elongated skulls reveals extensive female-biased immigration in early medieval bavaria
topic Biological Sciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5879695/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29531040
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719880115
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