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Novel Systemic Therapies for Advanced Gastric Cancer
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality and the fourth most commonly diagnosed malignant diseases. While continued efforts have been focused on GC treatment, the introduction of trastuzumab marked the beginning of a new era of target-specific treatments. Considering the d...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Korean Gastric Cancer Association
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5881006/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29629216 http://dx.doi.org/10.5230/jgc.2018.18.e3 |
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author | Kim, Hong Jun Oh, Sang Cheul |
author_facet | Kim, Hong Jun Oh, Sang Cheul |
author_sort | Kim, Hong Jun |
collection | PubMed |
description | Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality and the fourth most commonly diagnosed malignant diseases. While continued efforts have been focused on GC treatment, the introduction of trastuzumab marked the beginning of a new era of target-specific treatments. Considering the diversity of mutations in GC, satisfactory results obtained from various target-specific therapies were expected, yet most of them were unsuccessful in controlled clinical trials. There are several possible reasons underlying the failures, including the absence of patient selection depending on validated predictive biomarkers, the inappropriate combination of drugs, and tumor heterogeneity. In contrast to targeted agents, immuno-oncologic agents are designed to regulate and boost immunity, are not target-specific, and may overcome tumor heterogeneity. With the successful establishment of predictive biomarkers, including Epstein-Barr virus pattern, microsatellite instability status, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, as well as ideal combination regimens, a new frontier in the immuno-oncology of GC treatment is on the horizon. Since the field of immuno-oncology has witnessed innovative, practice-changing successes in other cancer types, several trials on GC are ongoing. Among immuno-oncologic therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors are the mainstay of clinical trials performed on GC. In this article, we review target-specific agents currently used in clinics or are undergoing clinical trials, and highlight the future clinical application of immuno-oncologic agents in inoperable GC. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5881006 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | The Korean Gastric Cancer Association |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-58810062018-04-06 Novel Systemic Therapies for Advanced Gastric Cancer Kim, Hong Jun Oh, Sang Cheul J Gastric Cancer Review Article Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality and the fourth most commonly diagnosed malignant diseases. While continued efforts have been focused on GC treatment, the introduction of trastuzumab marked the beginning of a new era of target-specific treatments. Considering the diversity of mutations in GC, satisfactory results obtained from various target-specific therapies were expected, yet most of them were unsuccessful in controlled clinical trials. There are several possible reasons underlying the failures, including the absence of patient selection depending on validated predictive biomarkers, the inappropriate combination of drugs, and tumor heterogeneity. In contrast to targeted agents, immuno-oncologic agents are designed to regulate and boost immunity, are not target-specific, and may overcome tumor heterogeneity. With the successful establishment of predictive biomarkers, including Epstein-Barr virus pattern, microsatellite instability status, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, as well as ideal combination regimens, a new frontier in the immuno-oncology of GC treatment is on the horizon. Since the field of immuno-oncology has witnessed innovative, practice-changing successes in other cancer types, several trials on GC are ongoing. Among immuno-oncologic therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors are the mainstay of clinical trials performed on GC. In this article, we review target-specific agents currently used in clinics or are undergoing clinical trials, and highlight the future clinical application of immuno-oncologic agents in inoperable GC. The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2018-03 2018-03-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5881006/ /pubmed/29629216 http://dx.doi.org/10.5230/jgc.2018.18.e3 Text en Copyright © 2018. Korean Gastric Cancer Association https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Kim, Hong Jun Oh, Sang Cheul Novel Systemic Therapies for Advanced Gastric Cancer |
title | Novel Systemic Therapies for Advanced Gastric Cancer |
title_full | Novel Systemic Therapies for Advanced Gastric Cancer |
title_fullStr | Novel Systemic Therapies for Advanced Gastric Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Novel Systemic Therapies for Advanced Gastric Cancer |
title_short | Novel Systemic Therapies for Advanced Gastric Cancer |
title_sort | novel systemic therapies for advanced gastric cancer |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5881006/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29629216 http://dx.doi.org/10.5230/jgc.2018.18.e3 |
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