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The Role for Exosomal microRNAs in Disruption of Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis in Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, in which myelin and oligodendrocytes are the main targets recognized by inflammatory CD4(+) T cells reactive to myelin peptides. Regulatory CD4(+) T (Treg) cells normally keep homeostasis of the immune system by inhibiti...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
SAGE Publications
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5881976/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29623002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179069518764892 |
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author | Kimura, Kimitoshi Hohjoh, Hirohiko Yamamura, Takashi |
author_facet | Kimura, Kimitoshi Hohjoh, Hirohiko Yamamura, Takashi |
author_sort | Kimura, Kimitoshi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, in which myelin and oligodendrocytes are the main targets recognized by inflammatory CD4(+) T cells reactive to myelin peptides. Regulatory CD4(+) T (Treg) cells normally keep homeostasis of the immune system by inhibiting detrimental effects of inflammatory T cells. However, Treg cells are reduced in patients with MS for unknown reason. This commentary highlights a novel function of circulating exosomes to inhibit the differentiation of Treg cells in MS. Our recent work has demonstrated that the circulating exosomes, a member of extracellular vesicles, of patients with MS exert this effect by transferring let-7i to naive CD4(+) T cells. The transferred let-7i subsequently causes a decreased expression of insulin like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and transforming growth factor β receptor 1 (TGFBR1), leading to the inhibition of Treg cell differentiation. Thus, extrinsic microRNAs transferred by exosomes might have an active role in triggering autoimmune diseases. We hypothesize that extracellular vesicles including exosomes can be a communication tool between the gut microbiota and the host immune system. Further research in this area will expand the knowledge about the precise mechanism of autoimmune diseases and can lead to a new therapeutic approach. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5881976 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-58819762018-04-05 The Role for Exosomal microRNAs in Disruption of Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis in Multiple Sclerosis Kimura, Kimitoshi Hohjoh, Hirohiko Yamamura, Takashi J Exp Neurosci Commentary Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, in which myelin and oligodendrocytes are the main targets recognized by inflammatory CD4(+) T cells reactive to myelin peptides. Regulatory CD4(+) T (Treg) cells normally keep homeostasis of the immune system by inhibiting detrimental effects of inflammatory T cells. However, Treg cells are reduced in patients with MS for unknown reason. This commentary highlights a novel function of circulating exosomes to inhibit the differentiation of Treg cells in MS. Our recent work has demonstrated that the circulating exosomes, a member of extracellular vesicles, of patients with MS exert this effect by transferring let-7i to naive CD4(+) T cells. The transferred let-7i subsequently causes a decreased expression of insulin like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and transforming growth factor β receptor 1 (TGFBR1), leading to the inhibition of Treg cell differentiation. Thus, extrinsic microRNAs transferred by exosomes might have an active role in triggering autoimmune diseases. We hypothesize that extracellular vesicles including exosomes can be a communication tool between the gut microbiota and the host immune system. Further research in this area will expand the knowledge about the precise mechanism of autoimmune diseases and can lead to a new therapeutic approach. SAGE Publications 2018-03-26 /pmc/articles/PMC5881976/ /pubmed/29623002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179069518764892 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Commentary Kimura, Kimitoshi Hohjoh, Hirohiko Yamamura, Takashi The Role for Exosomal microRNAs in Disruption of Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis in Multiple Sclerosis |
title | The Role for Exosomal microRNAs in Disruption of Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis in Multiple Sclerosis |
title_full | The Role for Exosomal microRNAs in Disruption of Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis in Multiple Sclerosis |
title_fullStr | The Role for Exosomal microRNAs in Disruption of Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis in Multiple Sclerosis |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role for Exosomal microRNAs in Disruption of Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis in Multiple Sclerosis |
title_short | The Role for Exosomal microRNAs in Disruption of Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis in Multiple Sclerosis |
title_sort | role for exosomal micrornas in disruption of regulatory t cell homeostasis in multiple sclerosis |
topic | Commentary |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5881976/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29623002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179069518764892 |
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