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Cleaner fish escape salmon farms and hybridize with local wrasse populations

The genetic impact of farmed fish escaping aquaculture is a highly debated issue. However, non-target species, such as cleaner fish used to remove sea lice from farmed fish, are rarely considered. Here, we report that wild corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops), which are transported long distances to b...

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Autores principales: Faust, Ellika, Halvorsen, Kim Tallaksen, Andersen, Per, Knutsen, Halvor, André, Carl
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society Publishing 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5882703/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29657779
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171752
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author Faust, Ellika
Halvorsen, Kim Tallaksen
Andersen, Per
Knutsen, Halvor
André, Carl
author_facet Faust, Ellika
Halvorsen, Kim Tallaksen
Andersen, Per
Knutsen, Halvor
André, Carl
author_sort Faust, Ellika
collection PubMed
description The genetic impact of farmed fish escaping aquaculture is a highly debated issue. However, non-target species, such as cleaner fish used to remove sea lice from farmed fish, are rarely considered. Here, we report that wild corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops), which are transported long distances to be used as cleaner fish in salmon farms, escape and hybridize with local populations. Recently, increasing numbers of corkwing wrasse have been reported in Flatanger in Norway, north of its described distribution range, an area heavily relying on the import of cleaner fish from Skagerrak. Using genetic markers identified with 2bRAD sequencing, we show that, although the Flatanger population largely is a result of a northward range expansion, there is also evidence of considerable gene flow from southern populations in Skagerrak and Kattegat. Of the 40 corkwing wrasses sampled in Flatanger, we discovered two individuals with clear southern genotypes, one first-generation hybrid, and 12 potential second-generation hybrids. In summary, we provide evidence that corkwing wrasse escape from fish farms and hybridize with local populations at the leading edge of an ongoing range expansion. Although the magnitude and significance of escapees warrant further investigation, these results should be taken into consideration in the use of translocated cleaner fish.
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spelling pubmed-58827032018-04-13 Cleaner fish escape salmon farms and hybridize with local wrasse populations Faust, Ellika Halvorsen, Kim Tallaksen Andersen, Per Knutsen, Halvor André, Carl R Soc Open Sci Biology (Whole Organism) The genetic impact of farmed fish escaping aquaculture is a highly debated issue. However, non-target species, such as cleaner fish used to remove sea lice from farmed fish, are rarely considered. Here, we report that wild corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops), which are transported long distances to be used as cleaner fish in salmon farms, escape and hybridize with local populations. Recently, increasing numbers of corkwing wrasse have been reported in Flatanger in Norway, north of its described distribution range, an area heavily relying on the import of cleaner fish from Skagerrak. Using genetic markers identified with 2bRAD sequencing, we show that, although the Flatanger population largely is a result of a northward range expansion, there is also evidence of considerable gene flow from southern populations in Skagerrak and Kattegat. Of the 40 corkwing wrasses sampled in Flatanger, we discovered two individuals with clear southern genotypes, one first-generation hybrid, and 12 potential second-generation hybrids. In summary, we provide evidence that corkwing wrasse escape from fish farms and hybridize with local populations at the leading edge of an ongoing range expansion. Although the magnitude and significance of escapees warrant further investigation, these results should be taken into consideration in the use of translocated cleaner fish. The Royal Society Publishing 2018-03-21 /pmc/articles/PMC5882703/ /pubmed/29657779 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171752 Text en © 2018 The Authors. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Biology (Whole Organism)
Faust, Ellika
Halvorsen, Kim Tallaksen
Andersen, Per
Knutsen, Halvor
André, Carl
Cleaner fish escape salmon farms and hybridize with local wrasse populations
title Cleaner fish escape salmon farms and hybridize with local wrasse populations
title_full Cleaner fish escape salmon farms and hybridize with local wrasse populations
title_fullStr Cleaner fish escape salmon farms and hybridize with local wrasse populations
title_full_unstemmed Cleaner fish escape salmon farms and hybridize with local wrasse populations
title_short Cleaner fish escape salmon farms and hybridize with local wrasse populations
title_sort cleaner fish escape salmon farms and hybridize with local wrasse populations
topic Biology (Whole Organism)
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5882703/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29657779
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171752
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