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Multipulse transcranial electrical stimulation (TES): normative data for motor evoked potentials in healthy horses

BACKGROUND: There are indications that transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) assesses the motor function of the spinal cord in horses in a more sensitive and reproducible fashion than transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). However, no normative data of TES evoked motor potentials (MEP) is avai...

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Autores principales: Journée, Sanne Lotte, Journée, Henricus Louis, de Bruijn, Cornelis Marinus, Delesalle, Cathérine John Ghislaine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5883272/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29615034
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1447-7
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author Journée, Sanne Lotte
Journée, Henricus Louis
de Bruijn, Cornelis Marinus
Delesalle, Cathérine John Ghislaine
author_facet Journée, Sanne Lotte
Journée, Henricus Louis
de Bruijn, Cornelis Marinus
Delesalle, Cathérine John Ghislaine
author_sort Journée, Sanne Lotte
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: There are indications that transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) assesses the motor function of the spinal cord in horses in a more sensitive and reproducible fashion than transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). However, no normative data of TES evoked motor potentials (MEP) is available. RESULTS: In this prospective study normative data of TES induced MEP wave characteristics (motor latency times (MLT); amplitude and waveform) was obtained from the extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and tibial cranialis (TC) muscles in a group of healthy horses to create a reference frame for functional diagnostic purposes. For the 12 horses involved in the study 95% confidence intervals for MLTs were 16.1–22.6 ms and 31.9–41.1 ms for ECR and TC muscles respectively. Intra-individual coefficients of variation (CV) and mean of MLTs were: ECR: 2.2–8,2% and 4.5% and TC: 1.4–6.3% and 3.5% respectively. Inter-individual CVs for MLTs were higher, though below 10% on all occasions. The mean ± sd of MEP amplitudes was respectively 3.61 ± 2.55 mV (ECR muscle left) and 4.53 ± 3.1 mV (right) and 2.66 ± 2.22 mV (TC muscle left) and 2.55 ± 1.85 mV (right). MLTs showed no significant left versus right differences. All MLTs showed significant (p < 0.05) voltage dependent decreases with slope coefficients of linear regression for ECR: − 0.049; − 0.061 ms/V and TC: − 0.082; − 0.089 ms/V (left; right). There was a positive correlation found between height at withers and MLTs in all 4 muscle groups. Finally, reliable assessment of MEP characteristics was for all muscle groups restricted to a transcranial time window of approximately 15–19 ms. CONCLUSIONS: TES is a novel and sensitive technique to assess spinal motor function in horses. It is easy applicable and highly reproducible. This study provides normative data in healthy horses on TES induced MEPs in the extensor carpi radialis and tibialis cranialis muscles bilaterally. No significant differences between MLTs of the left and right side could be demonstrated. A significant effect of stimulation voltage on MLTs was found. No significant effect of height at the withers could be found based upon the results of the current study. A study in which both TMS and TES are applied on the same group of horses is needed.
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spelling pubmed-58832722018-04-10 Multipulse transcranial electrical stimulation (TES): normative data for motor evoked potentials in healthy horses Journée, Sanne Lotte Journée, Henricus Louis de Bruijn, Cornelis Marinus Delesalle, Cathérine John Ghislaine BMC Vet Res Research Article BACKGROUND: There are indications that transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) assesses the motor function of the spinal cord in horses in a more sensitive and reproducible fashion than transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). However, no normative data of TES evoked motor potentials (MEP) is available. RESULTS: In this prospective study normative data of TES induced MEP wave characteristics (motor latency times (MLT); amplitude and waveform) was obtained from the extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and tibial cranialis (TC) muscles in a group of healthy horses to create a reference frame for functional diagnostic purposes. For the 12 horses involved in the study 95% confidence intervals for MLTs were 16.1–22.6 ms and 31.9–41.1 ms for ECR and TC muscles respectively. Intra-individual coefficients of variation (CV) and mean of MLTs were: ECR: 2.2–8,2% and 4.5% and TC: 1.4–6.3% and 3.5% respectively. Inter-individual CVs for MLTs were higher, though below 10% on all occasions. The mean ± sd of MEP amplitudes was respectively 3.61 ± 2.55 mV (ECR muscle left) and 4.53 ± 3.1 mV (right) and 2.66 ± 2.22 mV (TC muscle left) and 2.55 ± 1.85 mV (right). MLTs showed no significant left versus right differences. All MLTs showed significant (p < 0.05) voltage dependent decreases with slope coefficients of linear regression for ECR: − 0.049; − 0.061 ms/V and TC: − 0.082; − 0.089 ms/V (left; right). There was a positive correlation found between height at withers and MLTs in all 4 muscle groups. Finally, reliable assessment of MEP characteristics was for all muscle groups restricted to a transcranial time window of approximately 15–19 ms. CONCLUSIONS: TES is a novel and sensitive technique to assess spinal motor function in horses. It is easy applicable and highly reproducible. This study provides normative data in healthy horses on TES induced MEPs in the extensor carpi radialis and tibialis cranialis muscles bilaterally. No significant differences between MLTs of the left and right side could be demonstrated. A significant effect of stimulation voltage on MLTs was found. No significant effect of height at the withers could be found based upon the results of the current study. A study in which both TMS and TES are applied on the same group of horses is needed. BioMed Central 2018-04-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5883272/ /pubmed/29615034 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1447-7 Text en © The Author(s). 2018 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Journée, Sanne Lotte
Journée, Henricus Louis
de Bruijn, Cornelis Marinus
Delesalle, Cathérine John Ghislaine
Multipulse transcranial electrical stimulation (TES): normative data for motor evoked potentials in healthy horses
title Multipulse transcranial electrical stimulation (TES): normative data for motor evoked potentials in healthy horses
title_full Multipulse transcranial electrical stimulation (TES): normative data for motor evoked potentials in healthy horses
title_fullStr Multipulse transcranial electrical stimulation (TES): normative data for motor evoked potentials in healthy horses
title_full_unstemmed Multipulse transcranial electrical stimulation (TES): normative data for motor evoked potentials in healthy horses
title_short Multipulse transcranial electrical stimulation (TES): normative data for motor evoked potentials in healthy horses
title_sort multipulse transcranial electrical stimulation (tes): normative data for motor evoked potentials in healthy horses
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5883272/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29615034
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1447-7
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