Phytochemical composition, antilipidemic and antihypercholestrolemic perspectives of Bael leaf extracts

BACKGROUND: In recent times, focus on plant research has improved all over the world and essential parts of plants provide bioactive compounds in human diet. The bael (Aegle marmelos) has enormous traditional uses in the treatment of chronic diarrhea, dysentery, peptic ulcers and as a laxative. The main focus of this study was characterization of bael leaf extract for its bioactive constituents, antihypercholestrolemic and antilipidemic perspectives. METHODS: After proximate composition of bael powder, the aqueous extract of bael leaf was used for phytochemical profiling (alkaloids, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content). Afterwards, normal rats group G(0) was administrated basal diet while G(1) and G(2) normal rat groups were fed diets containing bael leaf extract 125 mg and 250 mg, respectively for consecutive 60 days. In a similar way, hyperlipidemic rats group G(h0) was administrated basal diet while G(h1) and G(h2) hyperlipidemic rat groups were fed diets containing bael leaf extract 125 mg and 250 mg, respectively for consecutive 60 days. The blood drawn on day 0, day 30 and day 60 was analyzed for serum parameters, such as total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low–density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides concentration and free and ester cholesterol. RESULTS: Bael leaf powder is a rich source of crude fiber (14.50 ± 0.10 g/100 g). Aqueous extract of bael leaf contains alkaloids (15.58 ± 0.05 mg/g), flavonoids (64.00 ± 0.05 mg/g), phenolics (30.34 ± 0.01 GAEmg/g). From the In vivo studies, the lowest weight gain was observed in group G(2) and in G(h2) as compared to control of both groups. The decrease in serum TC for G(1)–15.06%, G(2)–17.27% while in G(h1)–22.46% and G(h2–)34.82% after day 60, respectively. The maximum decrease was observed in group G(2) (− 14.33%) and in G(h2) (− 24.79%) for triglycerides after 60 days. For HDL-cholesterol, significant increase (11.20%) in G(2) and (49.83%) in G(h2) was observed of after 60 days. A trend in decrease of serum LDL–cholesterol in G(2) (− 9.63%) and in G(h2) (− 44.65%) was also observed at day 60, and − 19.05% and − 30.06% decrease was noted in G(2) and G(h2), respectively and decreasing trend was observed in free and total cholesterol − 22.30% and − 81.49% for groups G(2) and G(h2) after day 60. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study demonstrated that the extract contents of bael leaf provide protective role against hypercholesterolemic and hyperlipidemic conditions.