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Intrinsic and extrinsic motivators of attachment under active inference
This paper addresses the formation of infant attachment types within the context of active inference: a holistic account of action, perception and learning in the brain. We show how the organised forms of attachment (secure, avoidant and ambivalent) might arise in (Bayesian) infants. Specifically, w...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5886414/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29621266 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193955 |
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author | Cittern, David Nolte, Tobias Friston, Karl Edalat, Abbas |
author_facet | Cittern, David Nolte, Tobias Friston, Karl Edalat, Abbas |
author_sort | Cittern, David |
collection | PubMed |
description | This paper addresses the formation of infant attachment types within the context of active inference: a holistic account of action, perception and learning in the brain. We show how the organised forms of attachment (secure, avoidant and ambivalent) might arise in (Bayesian) infants. Specifically, we show that these distinct forms of attachment emerge from a minimisation of free energy—over interoceptive states relating to internal stress levels—when seeking proximity to caregivers who have a varying impact on these interoceptive states. In line with empirical findings in disrupted patterns of affective communication, we then demonstrate how exteroceptive cues (in the form of caregiver-mediated AMBIANCE affective communication errors, ACE) can result in disorganised forms of attachment in infants of caregivers who consistently increase stress when the infant seeks proximity, but can have an organising (towards ambivalence) effect in infants of inconsistent caregivers. In particular, we differentiate disorganised attachment from avoidance in terms of the high epistemic value of proximity seeking behaviours (resulting from the caregiver’s misleading exteroceptive cues) that preclude the emergence of coherent and organised behavioural policies. Our work, the first to formulate infant attachment in terms of active inference, makes a new testable prediction with regards to the types of affective communication errors that engender ambivalent attachment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5886414 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-58864142018-04-20 Intrinsic and extrinsic motivators of attachment under active inference Cittern, David Nolte, Tobias Friston, Karl Edalat, Abbas PLoS One Research Article This paper addresses the formation of infant attachment types within the context of active inference: a holistic account of action, perception and learning in the brain. We show how the organised forms of attachment (secure, avoidant and ambivalent) might arise in (Bayesian) infants. Specifically, we show that these distinct forms of attachment emerge from a minimisation of free energy—over interoceptive states relating to internal stress levels—when seeking proximity to caregivers who have a varying impact on these interoceptive states. In line with empirical findings in disrupted patterns of affective communication, we then demonstrate how exteroceptive cues (in the form of caregiver-mediated AMBIANCE affective communication errors, ACE) can result in disorganised forms of attachment in infants of caregivers who consistently increase stress when the infant seeks proximity, but can have an organising (towards ambivalence) effect in infants of inconsistent caregivers. In particular, we differentiate disorganised attachment from avoidance in terms of the high epistemic value of proximity seeking behaviours (resulting from the caregiver’s misleading exteroceptive cues) that preclude the emergence of coherent and organised behavioural policies. Our work, the first to formulate infant attachment in terms of active inference, makes a new testable prediction with regards to the types of affective communication errors that engender ambivalent attachment. Public Library of Science 2018-04-05 /pmc/articles/PMC5886414/ /pubmed/29621266 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193955 Text en © 2018 Cittern et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Cittern, David Nolte, Tobias Friston, Karl Edalat, Abbas Intrinsic and extrinsic motivators of attachment under active inference |
title | Intrinsic and extrinsic motivators of attachment under active inference |
title_full | Intrinsic and extrinsic motivators of attachment under active inference |
title_fullStr | Intrinsic and extrinsic motivators of attachment under active inference |
title_full_unstemmed | Intrinsic and extrinsic motivators of attachment under active inference |
title_short | Intrinsic and extrinsic motivators of attachment under active inference |
title_sort | intrinsic and extrinsic motivators of attachment under active inference |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5886414/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29621266 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193955 |
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