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T48. ANTIPSYCHOTIC EFFICACY OF EVENAMIDE (NW-3509) IS DUE TO MODULATION OF GLUTAMATERGIC DYSREGULATION

BACKGROUND: Over 70% of schizophrenic patients discontinue treatment with first (F)- or second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) due to dissatisfaction with their therapeutic effects; median time to discontinuation ranges from 3–7 months (1). Switching to another antipsychotic, except clozapine, did n...

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Autores principales: Anand, Ravi, Forrest, Emma C, Hartman, Richard D, Graham, Stephen M, Faravelli, Laura
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5887659/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sby016.324
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author Anand, Ravi
Forrest, Emma C
Hartman, Richard D
Graham, Stephen M
Faravelli, Laura
author_facet Anand, Ravi
Forrest, Emma C
Hartman, Richard D
Graham, Stephen M
Faravelli, Laura
author_sort Anand, Ravi
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Over 70% of schizophrenic patients discontinue treatment with first (F)- or second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) due to dissatisfaction with their therapeutic effects; median time to discontinuation ranges from 3–7 months (1). Switching to another antipsychotic, except clozapine, did not yield better results (2). These results indicate it is essential to modulate mechanisms other than dopaminergic (DA)/serotoninergic (5-HT) systems to improve symptoms of schizophrenia (SCZ). Increasingly, NMDA receptor (NMDAr) hypofunction (3) and hippocampal hyperactivity (4) are implicated in the dysregulation of mesolimbic DA and glutamate (Glu) neurons, leading to increasing synaptic activity of Glu in the PFC (5). Augmenting the effects of current antipsychotics with Glu release inhibitors may improve symptoms of psychosis in patients with SCZ. Evenamide does not interact with monoaminergic (DA, 5-HT, NA, H) pathways affected by current antipsychotics, or with >130 different targets involved in CNS activity, except for sodium channels, leading to modulation of Glu release. Evenamide shows efficacy in animal models of SCZ as monotherapy and as an add-on to FGA or SGA, irrespective of whether impairment was spontaneous, or induced by amphetamine, NMDAr antagonists or stress. METHODS: In a pilot, proof of mechanism, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, 4-week trial, evenamide (n=50; 15–25 mg bid) or placebo (n=39) was added to patients with SCZ worsening on their current antipsychotic doses of risperidone (RIS; ≥2 mg/day) or aripiprazole (ARI; ≥10 mg/day), in 2 sites in the US (n=61) and 3 in India (n=28). RESULTS: 89 patients with SCZ (mean baseline PANSS total: 62.9 ± 7.4; CGI-S: 3.5 ± 0.5), experiencing break-through psychotic symptoms on previously effective and stable doses of RIS (mean dose: 4.2 ± 2.0 mg/day; n=70) or ARI (mean dose: 19.7 ± 7.0 mg/day; n=19) were randomized (1.3:1 ratio) to treatment with evenamide or placebo. Analyses demonstrated the addition of evenamide to RIS or ARI was associated with statistically significant efficacy, based on the PANSS Positive Symptoms sub-scale (mean change, responders), and CGI-C responder rates. The study treatments were very well tolerated; 2 patients on evenamide discontinued treatment due to AEs (atrial fibrillation and seizure). The most common AEs (evenamide vs placebo [%]), were somnolence (16 vs 12.8%), insomnia (10 vs 6%) and headache (6 vs 0%). DISCUSSION: Addition of evenamide in patients worsening on SGAs modulating DA/5-HT significantly improved positive symptoms and CGI. No AEs such as EPS, endocrine, or sexual side effects, or weight gain were noted. These data indicate that evenamide’s Glu antagonism, demonstrated in preclinical experiments, is of value in patients worsening on current antipsychotics. Evenamide, as monotherapy or add-on, has reversed ketamine- and PCP-induced worsening of PPI. The results in the pilot clinical trial demonstrated an absence of side effects common with DA/5-HT blockers, and a rapid onset of action mediated by evenamide targeting altered Glu transmission in patients in whom SGA treatment had lost its efficacy. Efficacy of evenamide as add-on to antipsychotics would revolutionize development of novel antipsychotics targeting aberrant firing and Glu transmission in SCZ. Potentially pivotal studies with evenamide are in planning to demonstrate that the addition of evenamide, a Glu release inhibitor, augments antipsychotic efficacy in patients worsening on current antipsychotics, and in patients with treatment-resistant SCZ not responding/worsening on clozapine.
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spelling pubmed-58876592018-04-11 T48. ANTIPSYCHOTIC EFFICACY OF EVENAMIDE (NW-3509) IS DUE TO MODULATION OF GLUTAMATERGIC DYSREGULATION Anand, Ravi Forrest, Emma C Hartman, Richard D Graham, Stephen M Faravelli, Laura Schizophr Bull Abstracts BACKGROUND: Over 70% of schizophrenic patients discontinue treatment with first (F)- or second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) due to dissatisfaction with their therapeutic effects; median time to discontinuation ranges from 3–7 months (1). Switching to another antipsychotic, except clozapine, did not yield better results (2). These results indicate it is essential to modulate mechanisms other than dopaminergic (DA)/serotoninergic (5-HT) systems to improve symptoms of schizophrenia (SCZ). Increasingly, NMDA receptor (NMDAr) hypofunction (3) and hippocampal hyperactivity (4) are implicated in the dysregulation of mesolimbic DA and glutamate (Glu) neurons, leading to increasing synaptic activity of Glu in the PFC (5). Augmenting the effects of current antipsychotics with Glu release inhibitors may improve symptoms of psychosis in patients with SCZ. Evenamide does not interact with monoaminergic (DA, 5-HT, NA, H) pathways affected by current antipsychotics, or with >130 different targets involved in CNS activity, except for sodium channels, leading to modulation of Glu release. Evenamide shows efficacy in animal models of SCZ as monotherapy and as an add-on to FGA or SGA, irrespective of whether impairment was spontaneous, or induced by amphetamine, NMDAr antagonists or stress. METHODS: In a pilot, proof of mechanism, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, 4-week trial, evenamide (n=50; 15–25 mg bid) or placebo (n=39) was added to patients with SCZ worsening on their current antipsychotic doses of risperidone (RIS; ≥2 mg/day) or aripiprazole (ARI; ≥10 mg/day), in 2 sites in the US (n=61) and 3 in India (n=28). RESULTS: 89 patients with SCZ (mean baseline PANSS total: 62.9 ± 7.4; CGI-S: 3.5 ± 0.5), experiencing break-through psychotic symptoms on previously effective and stable doses of RIS (mean dose: 4.2 ± 2.0 mg/day; n=70) or ARI (mean dose: 19.7 ± 7.0 mg/day; n=19) were randomized (1.3:1 ratio) to treatment with evenamide or placebo. Analyses demonstrated the addition of evenamide to RIS or ARI was associated with statistically significant efficacy, based on the PANSS Positive Symptoms sub-scale (mean change, responders), and CGI-C responder rates. The study treatments were very well tolerated; 2 patients on evenamide discontinued treatment due to AEs (atrial fibrillation and seizure). The most common AEs (evenamide vs placebo [%]), were somnolence (16 vs 12.8%), insomnia (10 vs 6%) and headache (6 vs 0%). DISCUSSION: Addition of evenamide in patients worsening on SGAs modulating DA/5-HT significantly improved positive symptoms and CGI. No AEs such as EPS, endocrine, or sexual side effects, or weight gain were noted. These data indicate that evenamide’s Glu antagonism, demonstrated in preclinical experiments, is of value in patients worsening on current antipsychotics. Evenamide, as monotherapy or add-on, has reversed ketamine- and PCP-induced worsening of PPI. The results in the pilot clinical trial demonstrated an absence of side effects common with DA/5-HT blockers, and a rapid onset of action mediated by evenamide targeting altered Glu transmission in patients in whom SGA treatment had lost its efficacy. Efficacy of evenamide as add-on to antipsychotics would revolutionize development of novel antipsychotics targeting aberrant firing and Glu transmission in SCZ. Potentially pivotal studies with evenamide are in planning to demonstrate that the addition of evenamide, a Glu release inhibitor, augments antipsychotic efficacy in patients worsening on current antipsychotics, and in patients with treatment-resistant SCZ not responding/worsening on clozapine. Oxford University Press 2018-04 2018-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5887659/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sby016.324 Text en © Maryland Psychiatric Research Center 2018. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Abstracts
Anand, Ravi
Forrest, Emma C
Hartman, Richard D
Graham, Stephen M
Faravelli, Laura
T48. ANTIPSYCHOTIC EFFICACY OF EVENAMIDE (NW-3509) IS DUE TO MODULATION OF GLUTAMATERGIC DYSREGULATION
title T48. ANTIPSYCHOTIC EFFICACY OF EVENAMIDE (NW-3509) IS DUE TO MODULATION OF GLUTAMATERGIC DYSREGULATION
title_full T48. ANTIPSYCHOTIC EFFICACY OF EVENAMIDE (NW-3509) IS DUE TO MODULATION OF GLUTAMATERGIC DYSREGULATION
title_fullStr T48. ANTIPSYCHOTIC EFFICACY OF EVENAMIDE (NW-3509) IS DUE TO MODULATION OF GLUTAMATERGIC DYSREGULATION
title_full_unstemmed T48. ANTIPSYCHOTIC EFFICACY OF EVENAMIDE (NW-3509) IS DUE TO MODULATION OF GLUTAMATERGIC DYSREGULATION
title_short T48. ANTIPSYCHOTIC EFFICACY OF EVENAMIDE (NW-3509) IS DUE TO MODULATION OF GLUTAMATERGIC DYSREGULATION
title_sort t48. antipsychotic efficacy of evenamide (nw-3509) is due to modulation of glutamatergic dysregulation
topic Abstracts
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5887659/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sby016.324
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