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Direct and Indirect Effects of Penguin Feces on Microbiomes in Antarctic Ornithogenic Soils
Expansion of penguin activity in maritime Antarctica, under ice thaw, increases the chances of penguin feces affecting soil microbiomes. The detail of such effects begins to be revealed. By comparing soil geochemistry and microbiome composition inside (one site) and outside (three sites) of the rook...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5891643/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29666609 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00552 |
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author | Guo, Yudong Wang, Nengfei Li, Gaoyang Rosas, Gabriela Zang, Jiaye Ma, Yue Liu, Jie Han, Wenbing Cao, Huansheng |
author_facet | Guo, Yudong Wang, Nengfei Li, Gaoyang Rosas, Gabriela Zang, Jiaye Ma, Yue Liu, Jie Han, Wenbing Cao, Huansheng |
author_sort | Guo, Yudong |
collection | PubMed |
description | Expansion of penguin activity in maritime Antarctica, under ice thaw, increases the chances of penguin feces affecting soil microbiomes. The detail of such effects begins to be revealed. By comparing soil geochemistry and microbiome composition inside (one site) and outside (three sites) of the rookery, we found significant effects of penguin feces on both. First, penguin feces change soil geochemistry, causing increased moisture content (MC) of ornithogenic soils and nutrients C, N, P, and Si in the rookery compared to non-rookery sites, but not pH. Second, penguin feces directly affect microbiome composition in the rookery, not those outside. Specifically, we found 4,364 operational taxonomical units (OTUs) in 404 genera in six main phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes. Although the diversity is similar among the four sites, the composition is different. For example, penguin rookery has a lower abundance of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Nitrospirae but a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Thermomicrobia. Strikingly, the family Clostridiaceae of Firmicutes of penguin-feces origin is most abundant in the rookery than non-rookery sites with two most abundant genera, Tissierella and Proteiniclasticum. Redundancy analysis showed all measured geochemical factors are significant in structuring microbiomes, with MC showing the highest correlation. We further extracted 21 subnetworks of microbes which contain 4,318 of the 4,364 OTUs using network analysis and are closely correlated with all geochemical factors except pH. Our finding f penguin feces, directly and indirectly, affects soil microbiome suggests an important role of penguins in soil geochemistry and microbiome structure of maritime Antarctica. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5891643 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-58916432018-04-17 Direct and Indirect Effects of Penguin Feces on Microbiomes in Antarctic Ornithogenic Soils Guo, Yudong Wang, Nengfei Li, Gaoyang Rosas, Gabriela Zang, Jiaye Ma, Yue Liu, Jie Han, Wenbing Cao, Huansheng Front Microbiol Microbiology Expansion of penguin activity in maritime Antarctica, under ice thaw, increases the chances of penguin feces affecting soil microbiomes. The detail of such effects begins to be revealed. By comparing soil geochemistry and microbiome composition inside (one site) and outside (three sites) of the rookery, we found significant effects of penguin feces on both. First, penguin feces change soil geochemistry, causing increased moisture content (MC) of ornithogenic soils and nutrients C, N, P, and Si in the rookery compared to non-rookery sites, but not pH. Second, penguin feces directly affect microbiome composition in the rookery, not those outside. Specifically, we found 4,364 operational taxonomical units (OTUs) in 404 genera in six main phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes. Although the diversity is similar among the four sites, the composition is different. For example, penguin rookery has a lower abundance of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Nitrospirae but a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Thermomicrobia. Strikingly, the family Clostridiaceae of Firmicutes of penguin-feces origin is most abundant in the rookery than non-rookery sites with two most abundant genera, Tissierella and Proteiniclasticum. Redundancy analysis showed all measured geochemical factors are significant in structuring microbiomes, with MC showing the highest correlation. We further extracted 21 subnetworks of microbes which contain 4,318 of the 4,364 OTUs using network analysis and are closely correlated with all geochemical factors except pH. Our finding f penguin feces, directly and indirectly, affects soil microbiome suggests an important role of penguins in soil geochemistry and microbiome structure of maritime Antarctica. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-04-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5891643/ /pubmed/29666609 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00552 Text en Copyright © 2017 Guo, Wang, Li, Rosas, Zang, Ma, Liu, Han and Cao. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Guo, Yudong Wang, Nengfei Li, Gaoyang Rosas, Gabriela Zang, Jiaye Ma, Yue Liu, Jie Han, Wenbing Cao, Huansheng Direct and Indirect Effects of Penguin Feces on Microbiomes in Antarctic Ornithogenic Soils |
title | Direct and Indirect Effects of Penguin Feces on Microbiomes in Antarctic Ornithogenic Soils |
title_full | Direct and Indirect Effects of Penguin Feces on Microbiomes in Antarctic Ornithogenic Soils |
title_fullStr | Direct and Indirect Effects of Penguin Feces on Microbiomes in Antarctic Ornithogenic Soils |
title_full_unstemmed | Direct and Indirect Effects of Penguin Feces on Microbiomes in Antarctic Ornithogenic Soils |
title_short | Direct and Indirect Effects of Penguin Feces on Microbiomes in Antarctic Ornithogenic Soils |
title_sort | direct and indirect effects of penguin feces on microbiomes in antarctic ornithogenic soils |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5891643/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29666609 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00552 |
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