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Genetic Diversity on the Sex Chromosomes
Levels and patterns of genetic diversity can provide insights into a population’s history. In species with sex chromosomes, differences between genomic regions with unique inheritance patterns can be used to distinguish between different sets of possible demographic and selective events. This review...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Oxford University Press
2018
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5892150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29635328 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evy039 |
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author | Wilson Sayres, Melissa A |
author_facet | Wilson Sayres, Melissa A |
author_sort | Wilson Sayres, Melissa A |
collection | PubMed |
description | Levels and patterns of genetic diversity can provide insights into a population’s history. In species with sex chromosomes, differences between genomic regions with unique inheritance patterns can be used to distinguish between different sets of possible demographic and selective events. This review introduces the differences in population history for sex chromosomes and autosomes, provides the expectations for genetic diversity across the genome under different evolutionary scenarios, and gives an introductory description for how deviations in these expectations are calculated and can be interpreted. Predominantly, diversity on the sex chromosomes has been used to explore and address three research areas: 1) Mating patterns and sex-biased variance in reproductive success, 2) signatures of selection, and 3) evidence for modes of speciation and introgression. After introducing the theory, this review catalogs recent studies of genetic diversity on the sex chromosomes across species within the major research areas that sex chromosomes are typically applied to, arguing that there are broad similarities not only between male-heterogametic (XX/XY) and female-heterogametic (ZZ/ZW) sex determination systems but also any mating system with reduced recombination in a sex-determining region. Further, general patterns of reduced diversity in nonrecombining regions are shared across plants and animals. There are unique patterns across populations with vastly different patterns of mating and speciation, but these do not tend to cluster by taxa or sex determination system. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5892150 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-58921502018-04-13 Genetic Diversity on the Sex Chromosomes Wilson Sayres, Melissa A Genome Biol Evol Invited Review Levels and patterns of genetic diversity can provide insights into a population’s history. In species with sex chromosomes, differences between genomic regions with unique inheritance patterns can be used to distinguish between different sets of possible demographic and selective events. This review introduces the differences in population history for sex chromosomes and autosomes, provides the expectations for genetic diversity across the genome under different evolutionary scenarios, and gives an introductory description for how deviations in these expectations are calculated and can be interpreted. Predominantly, diversity on the sex chromosomes has been used to explore and address three research areas: 1) Mating patterns and sex-biased variance in reproductive success, 2) signatures of selection, and 3) evidence for modes of speciation and introgression. After introducing the theory, this review catalogs recent studies of genetic diversity on the sex chromosomes across species within the major research areas that sex chromosomes are typically applied to, arguing that there are broad similarities not only between male-heterogametic (XX/XY) and female-heterogametic (ZZ/ZW) sex determination systems but also any mating system with reduced recombination in a sex-determining region. Further, general patterns of reduced diversity in nonrecombining regions are shared across plants and animals. There are unique patterns across populations with vastly different patterns of mating and speciation, but these do not tend to cluster by taxa or sex determination system. Oxford University Press 2018-02-21 /pmc/articles/PMC5892150/ /pubmed/29635328 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evy039 Text en © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | Invited Review Wilson Sayres, Melissa A Genetic Diversity on the Sex Chromosomes |
title | Genetic Diversity on the Sex Chromosomes |
title_full | Genetic Diversity on the Sex Chromosomes |
title_fullStr | Genetic Diversity on the Sex Chromosomes |
title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Diversity on the Sex Chromosomes |
title_short | Genetic Diversity on the Sex Chromosomes |
title_sort | genetic diversity on the sex chromosomes |
topic | Invited Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5892150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29635328 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evy039 |
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