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Mechanistic insights into allosteric regulation of the A(2A) adenosine G protein-coupled receptor by physiological cations
Cations play key roles in regulating G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), although their mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, (19)F NMR is used to delineate the effects of cations on functional states of the adenosine A(2A) GPCR. While Na(+) reinforces an inactive ensemble and a partial-agonist s...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5893540/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29636462 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03314-9 |
Sumario: | Cations play key roles in regulating G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), although their mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, (19)F NMR is used to delineate the effects of cations on functional states of the adenosine A(2A) GPCR. While Na(+) reinforces an inactive ensemble and a partial-agonist stabilized state, Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) shift the equilibrium toward active states. Positive allosteric effects of divalent cations are more pronounced with agonist and a G-protein-derived peptide. In cell membranes, divalent cations enhance both the affinity and fraction of the high affinity agonist-bound state. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest high concentrations of divalent cations bridge specific extracellular acidic residues, bringing TM5 and TM6 together at the extracellular surface and allosterically driving open the G-protein-binding cleft as shown by rigidity-transmission allostery theory. An understanding of cation allostery should enable the design of allosteric agents and enhance our understanding of GPCR regulation in the cellular milieu. |
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