Postnatal Evaluation of Congenital Chest Pathologies Using a Low-Dose Computed Tomography (CT) Protocol – a Pictorial Review

Computed tomography with its excellent spatial and temporal resolution remains a valuable diagnostic modality in pediatrics. On the other hand an increasing attention has been placed on the radiation risks associated with CT imaging, especially in children. In recent years, many advances in CT hardware and software, for example, automatic exposure control tools and iterative reconstruction techniques, have allowed for a reduction of applied radiation doses while maintaining image quality. The purpose of this paper is to present our protocol for chest CT imaging in the youngest age group, together with a pictorial review of congenital pathologies of the chest, and to emphasize factors that optimize postnatal CT imaging in infants. In our opinion, modern CT imaging with the use of dose reduction techniques and iterative reconstructions allows for a proper visualization of chest pathologies in small children, which has no influence on observer performance. The presented review of low-dose diagnostic images of a wide spectrum of congenital pathologies may serve as an example of routine utilization of the current concepts in pediatric CT optimization.