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Next-generation sequencing provides an added value in determining drug resistance and viral tropism in Cameroonian HIV-1 vertically infected children

With limited and low-genetic barrier drugs used for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, vertically transmitted HIV-1 drug-resistance (HIVDR) is concerning and might prompt optimal pediatric strategies. The aim of this study was to ascertain HIVDR and...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Fokam, Joseph, Bellocchi, Maria C., Armenia, Daniele, Nanfack, Aubin J., Carioti, Luca, Continenza, Fabio, Takou, Desire, Temgoua, Edith S., Tangimpundu, Charlotte, Torimiro, Judith N., Koki, Paul N., Fokunang, Charles N., Cappelli, Giulia, Ndjolo, Alexis, Colizzi, Vittorio, Ceccherini-Silberstein, Francesca, Perno, Carlo-Federico, Santoro, Maria M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Wolters Kluwer Health 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5895385/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29595649
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000010176
Descripción
Sumario:With limited and low-genetic barrier drugs used for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, vertically transmitted HIV-1 drug-resistance (HIVDR) is concerning and might prompt optimal pediatric strategies. The aim of this study was to ascertain HIVDR and viral-tropism in majority and minority populations among Cameroonian vertically infected children. A comparative analysis among 18 HIV-infected children (7 from PMTCT-exposed mothers and 11 from mothers without PMTCT-exposure) was performed. HIVDR and HIV-1 co-receptor usage was evaluated by analyzing sequences obtained by both Sanger sequencing and ultra-deep 454-pyrosequencing (UDPS), set at 1% threshold. Overall, median (interquartile range) age, viremia, and CD4 count were 6 (4–10) years, 5.5 (4.9–6.0) log(10) copies/mL, and 526 (282–645) cells/mm(3), respectively. All children had wild-type viruses through both Sanger sequencing and UDPS, except for 1 PMTCT-exposed infant harboring minority K103N (8.31%), born to a mother exposed to AZT+3TC+NVP. X4-tropic viruses were found in 5 of 15 (33.3%) children (including 2 cases detected only by UDPS). Rate of X4-tropic viruses was 0% (0/6) below 5 years (also as minority species), and became relatively high above 5 years (55.6% [5/9], P = .040. X4-tropic viruses were higher with CD4 ≤15% (4/9 [44.4%]) versus CD4 >15% (1/6 [16.7%], P = .580); similarly for CD4 ≤200 (3/4 [75%]) versus CD4 >200 (2/11 [18.2%] cells/mm(3), P = .077. NGS has the ability of excluding NRTI- and NNRTI-mutations as minority species in all but 1 children, thus supporting the safe use of these drug-classes in those without such mutations, henceforth sparing ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors or integrase inhibitors for the few remaining cases. In children under five years, X4-tropic variants would be rare, suggesting vertical-transmission with CCR5-tropic viruses and possible maraviroc usage at younger ages.