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Early life swimming pool exposure and asthma onset in children – a case-control study

BACKGROUND: Trichloramine exposure in indoor swimming pools has been suggested to cause asthma in children. We aimed to investigate the risk of asthma onset among children in relation to individual trichloramine exposure. METHODS: A longitudinal nested case-control study of 337 children with asthma...

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Autores principales: Andersson, Martin, Backman, Helena, Nordberg, Gunnar, Hagenbjörk, Annika, Hedman, Linnea, Eriksson, Kåre, Forsberg, Bertil, Rönmark, Eva
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5896097/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29642932
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12940-018-0383-0
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author Andersson, Martin
Backman, Helena
Nordberg, Gunnar
Hagenbjörk, Annika
Hedman, Linnea
Eriksson, Kåre
Forsberg, Bertil
Rönmark, Eva
author_facet Andersson, Martin
Backman, Helena
Nordberg, Gunnar
Hagenbjörk, Annika
Hedman, Linnea
Eriksson, Kåre
Forsberg, Bertil
Rönmark, Eva
author_sort Andersson, Martin
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Trichloramine exposure in indoor swimming pools has been suggested to cause asthma in children. We aimed to investigate the risk of asthma onset among children in relation to individual trichloramine exposure. METHODS: A longitudinal nested case-control study of 337 children with asthma (cases) and 633 controls aged 16–17 years was performed within a population-based cohort from The Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden studies (OLIN). Year of asthma onset and exposure time at different ages were obtained in telephone interviews. Trichloramine concentrations in the pool buildings were measured. Skin prick test results for inhalant allergens were available from previous examinations of the cohort. The risk for asthma was analyzed in relation to the cumulative trichloramine exposure before onset of asthma. RESULTS: The participation rate was high in the original cohort (88 to 96%), and in the case-control study (80%). Trichloramine concentrations ranged from 0.020 to 0.55 mg/m(3) (mean 0.15 mg/m(3)). Swimming pool exposure in early life was associated with a significantly higher risk of pre-school asthma onset. A dose-response relationship between swimming pool exposure and asthma was indicated in children with asthma onset at 1 year of age. Children who were both sensitized and exposed had a particularly high risk. CONCLUSIONS: Early life exposure to chlorinated swimming pool environments was associated with pre-school asthma onset. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12940-018-0383-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-58960972018-04-20 Early life swimming pool exposure and asthma onset in children – a case-control study Andersson, Martin Backman, Helena Nordberg, Gunnar Hagenbjörk, Annika Hedman, Linnea Eriksson, Kåre Forsberg, Bertil Rönmark, Eva Environ Health Research BACKGROUND: Trichloramine exposure in indoor swimming pools has been suggested to cause asthma in children. We aimed to investigate the risk of asthma onset among children in relation to individual trichloramine exposure. METHODS: A longitudinal nested case-control study of 337 children with asthma (cases) and 633 controls aged 16–17 years was performed within a population-based cohort from The Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden studies (OLIN). Year of asthma onset and exposure time at different ages were obtained in telephone interviews. Trichloramine concentrations in the pool buildings were measured. Skin prick test results for inhalant allergens were available from previous examinations of the cohort. The risk for asthma was analyzed in relation to the cumulative trichloramine exposure before onset of asthma. RESULTS: The participation rate was high in the original cohort (88 to 96%), and in the case-control study (80%). Trichloramine concentrations ranged from 0.020 to 0.55 mg/m(3) (mean 0.15 mg/m(3)). Swimming pool exposure in early life was associated with a significantly higher risk of pre-school asthma onset. A dose-response relationship between swimming pool exposure and asthma was indicated in children with asthma onset at 1 year of age. Children who were both sensitized and exposed had a particularly high risk. CONCLUSIONS: Early life exposure to chlorinated swimming pool environments was associated with pre-school asthma onset. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12940-018-0383-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2018-04-11 /pmc/articles/PMC5896097/ /pubmed/29642932 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12940-018-0383-0 Text en © The Author(s). 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Andersson, Martin
Backman, Helena
Nordberg, Gunnar
Hagenbjörk, Annika
Hedman, Linnea
Eriksson, Kåre
Forsberg, Bertil
Rönmark, Eva
Early life swimming pool exposure and asthma onset in children – a case-control study
title Early life swimming pool exposure and asthma onset in children – a case-control study
title_full Early life swimming pool exposure and asthma onset in children – a case-control study
title_fullStr Early life swimming pool exposure and asthma onset in children – a case-control study
title_full_unstemmed Early life swimming pool exposure and asthma onset in children – a case-control study
title_short Early life swimming pool exposure and asthma onset in children – a case-control study
title_sort early life swimming pool exposure and asthma onset in children – a case-control study
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5896097/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29642932
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12940-018-0383-0
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