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Financial Strain, Parental Smoking, and the Great Recession: An Analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study
INTRODUCTION: During the recent “Great Recession,” many families in the United Kingdom experienced increased financial strain (FS). The aim of this study was to determine if increases in FS, occurring over the period of the “Great Recession,” were associated with increased risks of persistent and re...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Oxford University Press
2017
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5896540/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27707885 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw269 |
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author | McKenna, Caoimhe S Law, Catherine Pearce, Anna |
author_facet | McKenna, Caoimhe S Law, Catherine Pearce, Anna |
author_sort | McKenna, Caoimhe S |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: During the recent “Great Recession,” many families in the United Kingdom experienced increased financial strain (FS). The aim of this study was to determine if increases in FS, occurring over the period of the “Great Recession,” were associated with increased risks of persistent and relapsed tobacco use among parents. METHODS: We analyzed the Millennium Cohort Study, a longitudinal study of 18819 children born in the United Kingdom between 2000 and 2002. Surveys at 7 (T1, 2008) and 11 years (T2, 2012) spanned the “Great Recession.” Three measures of increased FS were defined; “became income poor” (self-reported household income dropped below the “poverty line” between T1 and T2); “developed difficulty managing” (parental report of being “financially comfortable” at T1 and finding it “difficult to manage” at T2); “felt worse off” (parental report of feeling financially “worse off” at T2, compared to T1). Poisson regression was used to estimate risk ratios (RR), adjusted RRs (aRR), and 95% confidence intervals for three outcomes: “persistent tobacco use,” “new reported tobacco use,” and “relapsed tobacco use.” RESULTS: Parents in households which “became income poor” over the period of the “Great Recession” were significantly more likely to report “persistent tobacco use” (aRR = 2.17 [1.83–2.57]) or “new reported tobacco use” (aRR = 1.72 [1.04–2.83]). Ninety-five percent of “new reported tobacco users” had evidence of prior tobacco use suggesting the majority were “relapsed tobacco users.” Similar patterns were seen for those who “developed difficulty managing” and “felt worse off.” CONCLUSIONS: Increased tobacco use among financially strained families has the potential to widen inequalities and undermine the public health policies that have had positive impacts on tobacco consumption in the United Kingdom. IMPLICATIONS: While several studies have shown that FS is associated with a higher prevalence of tobacco use, heavier smoking, and relapsed tobacco use, most of this work used cross-sectional data and none has focused on parents. We used longitudinal data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study, between 2008 and 2012, to examine the association between FS and parental smoking. We show that parents who experienced increased FS, over the period of the “Great Recession,” were more likely to continue using tobacco or to relapse. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5896540 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-58965402018-04-17 Financial Strain, Parental Smoking, and the Great Recession: An Analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study McKenna, Caoimhe S Law, Catherine Pearce, Anna Nicotine Tob Res Brief Report INTRODUCTION: During the recent “Great Recession,” many families in the United Kingdom experienced increased financial strain (FS). The aim of this study was to determine if increases in FS, occurring over the period of the “Great Recession,” were associated with increased risks of persistent and relapsed tobacco use among parents. METHODS: We analyzed the Millennium Cohort Study, a longitudinal study of 18819 children born in the United Kingdom between 2000 and 2002. Surveys at 7 (T1, 2008) and 11 years (T2, 2012) spanned the “Great Recession.” Three measures of increased FS were defined; “became income poor” (self-reported household income dropped below the “poverty line” between T1 and T2); “developed difficulty managing” (parental report of being “financially comfortable” at T1 and finding it “difficult to manage” at T2); “felt worse off” (parental report of feeling financially “worse off” at T2, compared to T1). Poisson regression was used to estimate risk ratios (RR), adjusted RRs (aRR), and 95% confidence intervals for three outcomes: “persistent tobacco use,” “new reported tobacco use,” and “relapsed tobacco use.” RESULTS: Parents in households which “became income poor” over the period of the “Great Recession” were significantly more likely to report “persistent tobacco use” (aRR = 2.17 [1.83–2.57]) or “new reported tobacco use” (aRR = 1.72 [1.04–2.83]). Ninety-five percent of “new reported tobacco users” had evidence of prior tobacco use suggesting the majority were “relapsed tobacco users.” Similar patterns were seen for those who “developed difficulty managing” and “felt worse off.” CONCLUSIONS: Increased tobacco use among financially strained families has the potential to widen inequalities and undermine the public health policies that have had positive impacts on tobacco consumption in the United Kingdom. IMPLICATIONS: While several studies have shown that FS is associated with a higher prevalence of tobacco use, heavier smoking, and relapsed tobacco use, most of this work used cross-sectional data and none has focused on parents. We used longitudinal data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study, between 2008 and 2012, to examine the association between FS and parental smoking. We show that parents who experienced increased FS, over the period of the “Great Recession,” were more likely to continue using tobacco or to relapse. Oxford University Press 2017-12 2016-10-19 /pmc/articles/PMC5896540/ /pubmed/27707885 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw269 Text en © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Brief Report McKenna, Caoimhe S Law, Catherine Pearce, Anna Financial Strain, Parental Smoking, and the Great Recession: An Analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study |
title | Financial Strain, Parental Smoking, and the Great Recession: An Analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study |
title_full | Financial Strain, Parental Smoking, and the Great Recession: An Analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study |
title_fullStr | Financial Strain, Parental Smoking, and the Great Recession: An Analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Financial Strain, Parental Smoking, and the Great Recession: An Analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study |
title_short | Financial Strain, Parental Smoking, and the Great Recession: An Analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study |
title_sort | financial strain, parental smoking, and the great recession: an analysis of the uk millennium cohort study |
topic | Brief Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5896540/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27707885 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw269 |
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