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Comparison of glycyrrhizin content in 25 major kinds of Kampo extracts containing Glycyrrhizae Radix used clinically in Japan
Glycyrrhizae Radix is the most frequently used crude drug in Japan and is prescribed in Kampo medicine for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. The major active ingredient of Glycyrrhizae Radix, glycyrrhizin (GL), has been shown to possess various pharmacological actions, but is also known to...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer Singapore
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5897458/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28608269 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11418-017-1101-x |
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author | Nose, Mitsuhiko Tada, Momoka Kojima, Rika Nagata, Kumiko Hisaka, Shinsuke Masada, Sayaka Homma, Masato Hakamatsuka, Takashi |
author_facet | Nose, Mitsuhiko Tada, Momoka Kojima, Rika Nagata, Kumiko Hisaka, Shinsuke Masada, Sayaka Homma, Masato Hakamatsuka, Takashi |
author_sort | Nose, Mitsuhiko |
collection | PubMed |
description | Glycyrrhizae Radix is the most frequently used crude drug in Japan and is prescribed in Kampo medicine for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. The major active ingredient of Glycyrrhizae Radix, glycyrrhizin (GL), has been shown to possess various pharmacological actions, but is also known to cause adverse effects such as pseudoaldosteronism. To avoid the adverse effects of GL, precautions have been indicated on the package inserts of Glycyrrhizae Radix-containing formulas depending on the amount of Glycyrrhizae Radix they contain. However, it remains unknown whether the extraction efficiency of GL from Glycyrrhizae Radix is constant throughout the different combinations of crude drugs in Glycyrrhizae Radix-containing formulas. To confirm the basis of the safety regulation, in this study we comprehensively determined the GL content of 25 major kinds of Kampo extracts compounding Glycyrrhizae Radix. We found that the GL content per daily dosage in all Kampo extracts are generally proportional to the compounding amount of Glycyrrhizae Radix, except in the case of shoseiryuto (Sho-seiryu-To). We also found that Schisandrae Fructus in Sho-seiryu-To decoction caused a lowered pH condition and drastically decreased the extraction efficacy of GL from Glycyrrhizae Radix. Moreover, we were able to confirm that the extraction efficiency of GL from Glycyrrhizae Radix is dependent on the pH value of the extraction solvent. The extraction efficiency of GL in the 25 kinds of Kampo extracts was not constant but it correlates significantly with the pH value of the decoction. Furthermore, the GL contents are well correlated with pseudoaldosteronism incidence data obtained from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database on the 25 kinds of Kampo extracts. This suggests that the GL content is a better index to consider to avoid the adverse effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix-containing Kampo formulas. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11418-017-1101-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5897458 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Springer Singapore |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-58974582018-04-16 Comparison of glycyrrhizin content in 25 major kinds of Kampo extracts containing Glycyrrhizae Radix used clinically in Japan Nose, Mitsuhiko Tada, Momoka Kojima, Rika Nagata, Kumiko Hisaka, Shinsuke Masada, Sayaka Homma, Masato Hakamatsuka, Takashi J Nat Med Original Paper Glycyrrhizae Radix is the most frequently used crude drug in Japan and is prescribed in Kampo medicine for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. The major active ingredient of Glycyrrhizae Radix, glycyrrhizin (GL), has been shown to possess various pharmacological actions, but is also known to cause adverse effects such as pseudoaldosteronism. To avoid the adverse effects of GL, precautions have been indicated on the package inserts of Glycyrrhizae Radix-containing formulas depending on the amount of Glycyrrhizae Radix they contain. However, it remains unknown whether the extraction efficiency of GL from Glycyrrhizae Radix is constant throughout the different combinations of crude drugs in Glycyrrhizae Radix-containing formulas. To confirm the basis of the safety regulation, in this study we comprehensively determined the GL content of 25 major kinds of Kampo extracts compounding Glycyrrhizae Radix. We found that the GL content per daily dosage in all Kampo extracts are generally proportional to the compounding amount of Glycyrrhizae Radix, except in the case of shoseiryuto (Sho-seiryu-To). We also found that Schisandrae Fructus in Sho-seiryu-To decoction caused a lowered pH condition and drastically decreased the extraction efficacy of GL from Glycyrrhizae Radix. Moreover, we were able to confirm that the extraction efficiency of GL from Glycyrrhizae Radix is dependent on the pH value of the extraction solvent. The extraction efficiency of GL in the 25 kinds of Kampo extracts was not constant but it correlates significantly with the pH value of the decoction. Furthermore, the GL contents are well correlated with pseudoaldosteronism incidence data obtained from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database on the 25 kinds of Kampo extracts. This suggests that the GL content is a better index to consider to avoid the adverse effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix-containing Kampo formulas. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11418-017-1101-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer Singapore 2017-06-12 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC5897458/ /pubmed/28608269 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11418-017-1101-x Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Original Paper Nose, Mitsuhiko Tada, Momoka Kojima, Rika Nagata, Kumiko Hisaka, Shinsuke Masada, Sayaka Homma, Masato Hakamatsuka, Takashi Comparison of glycyrrhizin content in 25 major kinds of Kampo extracts containing Glycyrrhizae Radix used clinically in Japan |
title | Comparison of glycyrrhizin content in 25 major kinds of Kampo extracts containing Glycyrrhizae Radix used clinically in Japan |
title_full | Comparison of glycyrrhizin content in 25 major kinds of Kampo extracts containing Glycyrrhizae Radix used clinically in Japan |
title_fullStr | Comparison of glycyrrhizin content in 25 major kinds of Kampo extracts containing Glycyrrhizae Radix used clinically in Japan |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of glycyrrhizin content in 25 major kinds of Kampo extracts containing Glycyrrhizae Radix used clinically in Japan |
title_short | Comparison of glycyrrhizin content in 25 major kinds of Kampo extracts containing Glycyrrhizae Radix used clinically in Japan |
title_sort | comparison of glycyrrhizin content in 25 major kinds of kampo extracts containing glycyrrhizae radix used clinically in japan |
topic | Original Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5897458/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28608269 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11418-017-1101-x |
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