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Efficacy of Novel Carbon Nanoparticle Antioxidant Therapy in a Severe Model of Reversible Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke in Acutely Hyperglycemic Rats

INTRODUCTION: While oxidative stress can be measured during transient cerebral ischemia, antioxidant therapies for ischemic stroke have been clinically unsuccessful. Many antioxidants are limited in their range and/or capacity for quenching radicals and can generate toxic intermediates overwhelming...

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Autores principales: Fabian, Roderic H., Derry, Paul J., Rea, Harriett Charmaine, Dalmeida, William V., Nilewski, Lizanne G., Sikkema, William K. A., Mandava, Pitchaiah, Tsai, Ah-Lim, Mendoza, Kimberly, Berka, Vladimir, Tour, James M., Kent, Thomas A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5900022/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29686642
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00199
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author Fabian, Roderic H.
Derry, Paul J.
Rea, Harriett Charmaine
Dalmeida, William V.
Nilewski, Lizanne G.
Sikkema, William K. A.
Mandava, Pitchaiah
Tsai, Ah-Lim
Mendoza, Kimberly
Berka, Vladimir
Tour, James M.
Kent, Thomas A.
author_facet Fabian, Roderic H.
Derry, Paul J.
Rea, Harriett Charmaine
Dalmeida, William V.
Nilewski, Lizanne G.
Sikkema, William K. A.
Mandava, Pitchaiah
Tsai, Ah-Lim
Mendoza, Kimberly
Berka, Vladimir
Tour, James M.
Kent, Thomas A.
author_sort Fabian, Roderic H.
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: While oxidative stress can be measured during transient cerebral ischemia, antioxidant therapies for ischemic stroke have been clinically unsuccessful. Many antioxidants are limited in their range and/or capacity for quenching radicals and can generate toxic intermediates overwhelming depleted endogenous protection. We developed a new antioxidant class, 40 nm × 2 nm carbon nanoparticles, hydrophilic carbon clusters, conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol) termed PEG-HCCs. These particles are high-capacity superoxide dismutase mimics, are effective against hydroxyl radical, and restore the balance between nitric oxide and superoxide in the vasculature. Here, we report the effects of PEG-HCCs administered during reperfusion after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) by suture in the rat under hyperglycemic conditions. Hyperglycemia occurs in one-third of stroke patients and worsens clinical outcome. In animal models, this worsening occurs largely by accelerating elaboration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during reperfusion. METHODS: PEG-HCCs were studied for their protective ability against hydrogen peroxide in b.End3 brain endothelial cell line and E17 primary cortical neuron cultures. In vivo, hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin injection 2 days before tMCAO. 58 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were analyzed. They were injected IV with PBS or PEG-HCCs (4 mg/kg 2×) at the time of recanalization after either 90- or 120-min occlusion. Rats were survived for up to 3 days, and infarct volume characteristics and neurological functional outcome (modified Bederson Score) were assessed. RESULTS: PEG-HCCs were protective against hydrogen peroxide in both culture models. In vivo improvement was found after PEG-HCCs with 90-min ischemia with reduction in infarct size (42%), hemisphere swelling (46%), hemorrhage score (53%), and improvement in Bederson score (70%) (p = 0.068–0.001). Early high mortality in the 2-h in the PBS control group precluded detailed analysis, but a trend was found in improvement in all factors, e.g., reduction in infarct volume (48%; p = 0.034) and a 56% improvement in Bederson score (p = 0.055) with PEG-HCCs. CONCLUSION: This nano-antioxidant showed some improvement in several outcome measures in a severe model of tMCAO when administered at a clinically relevant time point. Long-term studies and additional models are required to assess potential for clinical use, especially for patients hyperglycemic at the time of their stroke, as these patients have the worst outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-59000222018-04-23 Efficacy of Novel Carbon Nanoparticle Antioxidant Therapy in a Severe Model of Reversible Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke in Acutely Hyperglycemic Rats Fabian, Roderic H. Derry, Paul J. Rea, Harriett Charmaine Dalmeida, William V. Nilewski, Lizanne G. Sikkema, William K. A. Mandava, Pitchaiah Tsai, Ah-Lim Mendoza, Kimberly Berka, Vladimir Tour, James M. Kent, Thomas A. Front Neurol Neuroscience INTRODUCTION: While oxidative stress can be measured during transient cerebral ischemia, antioxidant therapies for ischemic stroke have been clinically unsuccessful. Many antioxidants are limited in their range and/or capacity for quenching radicals and can generate toxic intermediates overwhelming depleted endogenous protection. We developed a new antioxidant class, 40 nm × 2 nm carbon nanoparticles, hydrophilic carbon clusters, conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol) termed PEG-HCCs. These particles are high-capacity superoxide dismutase mimics, are effective against hydroxyl radical, and restore the balance between nitric oxide and superoxide in the vasculature. Here, we report the effects of PEG-HCCs administered during reperfusion after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) by suture in the rat under hyperglycemic conditions. Hyperglycemia occurs in one-third of stroke patients and worsens clinical outcome. In animal models, this worsening occurs largely by accelerating elaboration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during reperfusion. METHODS: PEG-HCCs were studied for their protective ability against hydrogen peroxide in b.End3 brain endothelial cell line and E17 primary cortical neuron cultures. In vivo, hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin injection 2 days before tMCAO. 58 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were analyzed. They were injected IV with PBS or PEG-HCCs (4 mg/kg 2×) at the time of recanalization after either 90- or 120-min occlusion. Rats were survived for up to 3 days, and infarct volume characteristics and neurological functional outcome (modified Bederson Score) were assessed. RESULTS: PEG-HCCs were protective against hydrogen peroxide in both culture models. In vivo improvement was found after PEG-HCCs with 90-min ischemia with reduction in infarct size (42%), hemisphere swelling (46%), hemorrhage score (53%), and improvement in Bederson score (70%) (p = 0.068–0.001). Early high mortality in the 2-h in the PBS control group precluded detailed analysis, but a trend was found in improvement in all factors, e.g., reduction in infarct volume (48%; p = 0.034) and a 56% improvement in Bederson score (p = 0.055) with PEG-HCCs. CONCLUSION: This nano-antioxidant showed some improvement in several outcome measures in a severe model of tMCAO when administered at a clinically relevant time point. Long-term studies and additional models are required to assess potential for clinical use, especially for patients hyperglycemic at the time of their stroke, as these patients have the worst outcomes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-04-09 /pmc/articles/PMC5900022/ /pubmed/29686642 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00199 Text en Copyright © 2018 Fabian, Derry, Rea, Dalmeida, Nilewski, Sikkema, Mandava, Tsai, Mendoza, Berka, Tour and Kent. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Fabian, Roderic H.
Derry, Paul J.
Rea, Harriett Charmaine
Dalmeida, William V.
Nilewski, Lizanne G.
Sikkema, William K. A.
Mandava, Pitchaiah
Tsai, Ah-Lim
Mendoza, Kimberly
Berka, Vladimir
Tour, James M.
Kent, Thomas A.
Efficacy of Novel Carbon Nanoparticle Antioxidant Therapy in a Severe Model of Reversible Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke in Acutely Hyperglycemic Rats
title Efficacy of Novel Carbon Nanoparticle Antioxidant Therapy in a Severe Model of Reversible Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke in Acutely Hyperglycemic Rats
title_full Efficacy of Novel Carbon Nanoparticle Antioxidant Therapy in a Severe Model of Reversible Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke in Acutely Hyperglycemic Rats
title_fullStr Efficacy of Novel Carbon Nanoparticle Antioxidant Therapy in a Severe Model of Reversible Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke in Acutely Hyperglycemic Rats
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy of Novel Carbon Nanoparticle Antioxidant Therapy in a Severe Model of Reversible Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke in Acutely Hyperglycemic Rats
title_short Efficacy of Novel Carbon Nanoparticle Antioxidant Therapy in a Severe Model of Reversible Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke in Acutely Hyperglycemic Rats
title_sort efficacy of novel carbon nanoparticle antioxidant therapy in a severe model of reversible middle cerebral artery stroke in acutely hyperglycemic rats
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5900022/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29686642
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00199
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