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The Use of Critical Levels for Determining Plant Response to Ozone in Europe and in North America
Critical levels to determine plant response to ozone (O(3)) have been used in Europe since the 1980s, utilizing the concentration-based AOT40 to relate plant response to ambient O(3) exposure. More recently, there has been progress in Europe toward utilizing flux-based critical levels, because plant...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
TheScientificWorldJOURNAL
2007
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5900854/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17450276 http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.24 |
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author | Musselman, Robert C. Lefohn, Allen S. |
author_facet | Musselman, Robert C. Lefohn, Allen S. |
author_sort | Musselman, Robert C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Critical levels to determine plant response to ozone (O(3)) have been used in Europe since the 1980s, utilizing the concentration-based AOT40 to relate plant response to ambient O(3) exposure. More recently, there has been progress in Europe toward utilizing flux-based critical levels, because plant response is more closely related to O(3) uptake than to the amount of O(3) in ambient air. Flux-based critical levels are plant species specific; data for parameterization of flux-based critical levels models are lacking for most plant species. Although flux-based critical levels are now being used for a limited number of agricultural crops and tree species where data are available, the use of flux-based critical levels is limited by the lack of adequate consideration and incorporation of plant internal detoxification mechanisms in flux modeling. Critical levels have not been used in North America; however, recent interest in the U.S. and Canada for using critical loads for nitrogen and sulfur has generated interest in using critical levels for O(3). A major obstacle for utilization of critical levels in North America is that ambient air quality standards for O(3) in the U.S. and Canada are concentration based. It appears that cumulative exposure-based metrics, particularly when implemented with a quantification of peak concentrations and environmental variables, such as a drought index, are currently the most useful to relate O(3) to vegetation response. Because data are unavailable to quantify detoxification potential of vegetation, effective flux models are not available to determine plant response to O(3). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5900854 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2007 |
publisher | TheScientificWorldJOURNAL |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59008542018-06-03 The Use of Critical Levels for Determining Plant Response to Ozone in Europe and in North America Musselman, Robert C. Lefohn, Allen S. ScientificWorldJournal Short Communication Critical levels to determine plant response to ozone (O(3)) have been used in Europe since the 1980s, utilizing the concentration-based AOT40 to relate plant response to ambient O(3) exposure. More recently, there has been progress in Europe toward utilizing flux-based critical levels, because plant response is more closely related to O(3) uptake than to the amount of O(3) in ambient air. Flux-based critical levels are plant species specific; data for parameterization of flux-based critical levels models are lacking for most plant species. Although flux-based critical levels are now being used for a limited number of agricultural crops and tree species where data are available, the use of flux-based critical levels is limited by the lack of adequate consideration and incorporation of plant internal detoxification mechanisms in flux modeling. Critical levels have not been used in North America; however, recent interest in the U.S. and Canada for using critical loads for nitrogen and sulfur has generated interest in using critical levels for O(3). A major obstacle for utilization of critical levels in North America is that ambient air quality standards for O(3) in the U.S. and Canada are concentration based. It appears that cumulative exposure-based metrics, particularly when implemented with a quantification of peak concentrations and environmental variables, such as a drought index, are currently the most useful to relate O(3) to vegetation response. Because data are unavailable to quantify detoxification potential of vegetation, effective flux models are not available to determine plant response to O(3). TheScientificWorldJOURNAL 2007-03-21 /pmc/articles/PMC5900854/ /pubmed/17450276 http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.24 Text en Copyright © 2007 Robert C. Musselman and Allen S. Lefohn. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Short Communication Musselman, Robert C. Lefohn, Allen S. The Use of Critical Levels for Determining Plant Response to Ozone in Europe and in North America |
title | The Use of Critical Levels for Determining Plant Response to Ozone in Europe and in North America |
title_full | The Use of Critical Levels for Determining Plant Response to Ozone in Europe and in North America |
title_fullStr | The Use of Critical Levels for Determining Plant Response to Ozone in Europe and in North America |
title_full_unstemmed | The Use of Critical Levels for Determining Plant Response to Ozone in Europe and in North America |
title_short | The Use of Critical Levels for Determining Plant Response to Ozone in Europe and in North America |
title_sort | use of critical levels for determining plant response to ozone in europe and in north america |
topic | Short Communication |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5900854/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17450276 http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.24 |
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