Regulation of Immune Cells by Eicosanoid Receptors

Eicosanoids are potent, bioactive, lipid mediators that regulate important components of the immune response, including defense against infection, ischemia, and injury, as well as instigating and perpetuating autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. Although these lipids have numerous effects on diverse cell types and organs, a greater understanding of their specific effects on key players of the immune system has been gained in recent years through the characterization of individual eicosanoid receptors, the identification and development of specific receptor agonists and inhibitors, and the generation of mice genetically deficient in various eicosanoid receptors. In this review, we will focus on the receptors for prostaglandin D(2), DP(1 )and DP(2)/CRTH2; the receptors for leukotriene B(4), BLT(1) and BLT(2); and the receptors for the cysteinyl leukotrienes, CysLT(1) and CysLT(2), by examining their specific effects on leukocyte subpopulations, and how they may act in concert towards the development of immune and inflammatory responses.