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Is there foul play in the leaf pocket? The metagenome of floating fern Azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix N(2) but may denitrify
Dinitrogen fixation by Nostoc azollae residing in specialized leaf pockets supports prolific growth of the floating fern Azolla filiculoides. To evaluate contributions by further microorganisms, the A. filiculoides microbiome and nitrogen metabolism in bacteria persistently associated with Azolla fe...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5901025/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29084347 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.14843 |
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author | Dijkhuizen, Laura W. Brouwer, Paul Bolhuis, Henk Reichart, Gert‐Jan Koppers, Nils Huettel, Bruno Bolger, Anthony M. Li, Fay‐Wei Cheng, Shifeng Liu, Xin Wong, Gane Ka‐Shu Pryer, Kathleen Weber, Andreas Bräutigam, Andrea Schluepmann, Henriette |
author_facet | Dijkhuizen, Laura W. Brouwer, Paul Bolhuis, Henk Reichart, Gert‐Jan Koppers, Nils Huettel, Bruno Bolger, Anthony M. Li, Fay‐Wei Cheng, Shifeng Liu, Xin Wong, Gane Ka‐Shu Pryer, Kathleen Weber, Andreas Bräutigam, Andrea Schluepmann, Henriette |
author_sort | Dijkhuizen, Laura W. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Dinitrogen fixation by Nostoc azollae residing in specialized leaf pockets supports prolific growth of the floating fern Azolla filiculoides. To evaluate contributions by further microorganisms, the A. filiculoides microbiome and nitrogen metabolism in bacteria persistently associated with Azolla ferns were characterized. A metagenomic approach was taken complemented by detection of N(2)O released and nitrogen isotope determinations of fern biomass. Ribosomal RNA genes in sequenced DNA of natural ferns, their enriched leaf pockets and water filtrate from the surrounding ditch established that bacteria of A. filiculoides differed entirely from surrounding water and revealed species of the order Rhizobiales. Analyses of seven cultivated Azolla species confirmed persistent association with Rhizobiales. Two distinct nearly full‐length Rhizobiales genomes were identified in leaf‐pocket‐enriched samples from ditch grown A. filiculoides. Their annotation revealed genes for denitrification but not N(2)‐fixation. (15)N(2) incorporation was active in ferns with N. azollae but not in ferns without. N(2)O was not detectably released from surface‐sterilized ferns with the Rhizobiales. N(2)‐fixing N. azollae, we conclude, dominated the microbiome of Azolla ferns. The persistent but less abundant heterotrophic Rhizobiales bacteria possibly contributed to lowering O(2) levels in leaf pockets but did not release detectable amounts of the strong greenhouse gas N(2)O. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5901025 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59010252018-04-24 Is there foul play in the leaf pocket? The metagenome of floating fern Azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix N(2) but may denitrify Dijkhuizen, Laura W. Brouwer, Paul Bolhuis, Henk Reichart, Gert‐Jan Koppers, Nils Huettel, Bruno Bolger, Anthony M. Li, Fay‐Wei Cheng, Shifeng Liu, Xin Wong, Gane Ka‐Shu Pryer, Kathleen Weber, Andreas Bräutigam, Andrea Schluepmann, Henriette New Phytol Research Dinitrogen fixation by Nostoc azollae residing in specialized leaf pockets supports prolific growth of the floating fern Azolla filiculoides. To evaluate contributions by further microorganisms, the A. filiculoides microbiome and nitrogen metabolism in bacteria persistently associated with Azolla ferns were characterized. A metagenomic approach was taken complemented by detection of N(2)O released and nitrogen isotope determinations of fern biomass. Ribosomal RNA genes in sequenced DNA of natural ferns, their enriched leaf pockets and water filtrate from the surrounding ditch established that bacteria of A. filiculoides differed entirely from surrounding water and revealed species of the order Rhizobiales. Analyses of seven cultivated Azolla species confirmed persistent association with Rhizobiales. Two distinct nearly full‐length Rhizobiales genomes were identified in leaf‐pocket‐enriched samples from ditch grown A. filiculoides. Their annotation revealed genes for denitrification but not N(2)‐fixation. (15)N(2) incorporation was active in ferns with N. azollae but not in ferns without. N(2)O was not detectably released from surface‐sterilized ferns with the Rhizobiales. N(2)‐fixing N. azollae, we conclude, dominated the microbiome of Azolla ferns. The persistent but less abundant heterotrophic Rhizobiales bacteria possibly contributed to lowering O(2) levels in leaf pockets but did not release detectable amounts of the strong greenhouse gas N(2)O. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017-10-30 2018-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5901025/ /pubmed/29084347 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.14843 Text en © 2017 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2017 New Phytologist Trust This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Dijkhuizen, Laura W. Brouwer, Paul Bolhuis, Henk Reichart, Gert‐Jan Koppers, Nils Huettel, Bruno Bolger, Anthony M. Li, Fay‐Wei Cheng, Shifeng Liu, Xin Wong, Gane Ka‐Shu Pryer, Kathleen Weber, Andreas Bräutigam, Andrea Schluepmann, Henriette Is there foul play in the leaf pocket? The metagenome of floating fern Azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix N(2) but may denitrify |
title | Is there foul play in the leaf pocket? The metagenome of floating fern Azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix N(2) but may denitrify |
title_full | Is there foul play in the leaf pocket? The metagenome of floating fern Azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix N(2) but may denitrify |
title_fullStr | Is there foul play in the leaf pocket? The metagenome of floating fern Azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix N(2) but may denitrify |
title_full_unstemmed | Is there foul play in the leaf pocket? The metagenome of floating fern Azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix N(2) but may denitrify |
title_short | Is there foul play in the leaf pocket? The metagenome of floating fern Azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix N(2) but may denitrify |
title_sort | is there foul play in the leaf pocket? the metagenome of floating fern azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix n(2) but may denitrify |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5901025/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29084347 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.14843 |
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