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Is there foul play in the leaf pocket? The metagenome of floating fern Azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix N(2) but may denitrify

Dinitrogen fixation by Nostoc azollae residing in specialized leaf pockets supports prolific growth of the floating fern Azolla filiculoides. To evaluate contributions by further microorganisms, the A. filiculoides microbiome and nitrogen metabolism in bacteria persistently associated with Azolla fe...

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Autores principales: Dijkhuizen, Laura W., Brouwer, Paul, Bolhuis, Henk, Reichart, Gert‐Jan, Koppers, Nils, Huettel, Bruno, Bolger, Anthony M., Li, Fay‐Wei, Cheng, Shifeng, Liu, Xin, Wong, Gane Ka‐Shu, Pryer, Kathleen, Weber, Andreas, Bräutigam, Andrea, Schluepmann, Henriette
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5901025/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29084347
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.14843
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author Dijkhuizen, Laura W.
Brouwer, Paul
Bolhuis, Henk
Reichart, Gert‐Jan
Koppers, Nils
Huettel, Bruno
Bolger, Anthony M.
Li, Fay‐Wei
Cheng, Shifeng
Liu, Xin
Wong, Gane Ka‐Shu
Pryer, Kathleen
Weber, Andreas
Bräutigam, Andrea
Schluepmann, Henriette
author_facet Dijkhuizen, Laura W.
Brouwer, Paul
Bolhuis, Henk
Reichart, Gert‐Jan
Koppers, Nils
Huettel, Bruno
Bolger, Anthony M.
Li, Fay‐Wei
Cheng, Shifeng
Liu, Xin
Wong, Gane Ka‐Shu
Pryer, Kathleen
Weber, Andreas
Bräutigam, Andrea
Schluepmann, Henriette
author_sort Dijkhuizen, Laura W.
collection PubMed
description Dinitrogen fixation by Nostoc azollae residing in specialized leaf pockets supports prolific growth of the floating fern Azolla filiculoides. To evaluate contributions by further microorganisms, the A. filiculoides microbiome and nitrogen metabolism in bacteria persistently associated with Azolla ferns were characterized. A metagenomic approach was taken complemented by detection of N(2)O released and nitrogen isotope determinations of fern biomass. Ribosomal RNA genes in sequenced DNA of natural ferns, their enriched leaf pockets and water filtrate from the surrounding ditch established that bacteria of A. filiculoides differed entirely from surrounding water and revealed species of the order Rhizobiales. Analyses of seven cultivated Azolla species confirmed persistent association with Rhizobiales. Two distinct nearly full‐length Rhizobiales genomes were identified in leaf‐pocket‐enriched samples from ditch grown A. filiculoides. Their annotation revealed genes for denitrification but not N(2)‐fixation. (15)N(2) incorporation was active in ferns with N. azollae but not in ferns without. N(2)O was not detectably released from surface‐sterilized ferns with the Rhizobiales. N(2)‐fixing N. azollae, we conclude, dominated the microbiome of Azolla ferns. The persistent but less abundant heterotrophic Rhizobiales bacteria possibly contributed to lowering O(2) levels in leaf pockets but did not release detectable amounts of the strong greenhouse gas N(2)O.
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spelling pubmed-59010252018-04-24 Is there foul play in the leaf pocket? The metagenome of floating fern Azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix N(2) but may denitrify Dijkhuizen, Laura W. Brouwer, Paul Bolhuis, Henk Reichart, Gert‐Jan Koppers, Nils Huettel, Bruno Bolger, Anthony M. Li, Fay‐Wei Cheng, Shifeng Liu, Xin Wong, Gane Ka‐Shu Pryer, Kathleen Weber, Andreas Bräutigam, Andrea Schluepmann, Henriette New Phytol Research Dinitrogen fixation by Nostoc azollae residing in specialized leaf pockets supports prolific growth of the floating fern Azolla filiculoides. To evaluate contributions by further microorganisms, the A. filiculoides microbiome and nitrogen metabolism in bacteria persistently associated with Azolla ferns were characterized. A metagenomic approach was taken complemented by detection of N(2)O released and nitrogen isotope determinations of fern biomass. Ribosomal RNA genes in sequenced DNA of natural ferns, their enriched leaf pockets and water filtrate from the surrounding ditch established that bacteria of A. filiculoides differed entirely from surrounding water and revealed species of the order Rhizobiales. Analyses of seven cultivated Azolla species confirmed persistent association with Rhizobiales. Two distinct nearly full‐length Rhizobiales genomes were identified in leaf‐pocket‐enriched samples from ditch grown A. filiculoides. Their annotation revealed genes for denitrification but not N(2)‐fixation. (15)N(2) incorporation was active in ferns with N. azollae but not in ferns without. N(2)O was not detectably released from surface‐sterilized ferns with the Rhizobiales. N(2)‐fixing N. azollae, we conclude, dominated the microbiome of Azolla ferns. The persistent but less abundant heterotrophic Rhizobiales bacteria possibly contributed to lowering O(2) levels in leaf pockets but did not release detectable amounts of the strong greenhouse gas N(2)O. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017-10-30 2018-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5901025/ /pubmed/29084347 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.14843 Text en © 2017 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2017 New Phytologist Trust This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research
Dijkhuizen, Laura W.
Brouwer, Paul
Bolhuis, Henk
Reichart, Gert‐Jan
Koppers, Nils
Huettel, Bruno
Bolger, Anthony M.
Li, Fay‐Wei
Cheng, Shifeng
Liu, Xin
Wong, Gane Ka‐Shu
Pryer, Kathleen
Weber, Andreas
Bräutigam, Andrea
Schluepmann, Henriette
Is there foul play in the leaf pocket? The metagenome of floating fern Azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix N(2) but may denitrify
title Is there foul play in the leaf pocket? The metagenome of floating fern Azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix N(2) but may denitrify
title_full Is there foul play in the leaf pocket? The metagenome of floating fern Azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix N(2) but may denitrify
title_fullStr Is there foul play in the leaf pocket? The metagenome of floating fern Azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix N(2) but may denitrify
title_full_unstemmed Is there foul play in the leaf pocket? The metagenome of floating fern Azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix N(2) but may denitrify
title_short Is there foul play in the leaf pocket? The metagenome of floating fern Azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix N(2) but may denitrify
title_sort is there foul play in the leaf pocket? the metagenome of floating fern azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix n(2) but may denitrify
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5901025/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29084347
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.14843
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