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Visual Motion Prediction and Verbal False Memory Performance in Autistic Children

Recent theoretical accounts propose that atypical predictive processing can explain the diverse cognitive and behavioral features associated with autism, and that difficulties in making predictions may be related to reduced contextual processing. In this pre‐registered study, 30 autistic children ag...

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Autores principales: Tewolde, Furtuna G., Bishop, Dorothy V. M., Manning, Catherine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5901411/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29271070
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1915
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author Tewolde, Furtuna G.
Bishop, Dorothy V. M.
Manning, Catherine
author_facet Tewolde, Furtuna G.
Bishop, Dorothy V. M.
Manning, Catherine
author_sort Tewolde, Furtuna G.
collection PubMed
description Recent theoretical accounts propose that atypical predictive processing can explain the diverse cognitive and behavioral features associated with autism, and that difficulties in making predictions may be related to reduced contextual processing. In this pre‐registered study, 30 autistic children aged 6–14 years and 30 typically developing children matched in age and non‐verbal IQ completed visual extrapolation and false memory tasks to assess predictive abilities and contextual processing, respectively. In the visual extrapolation tasks, children were asked to predict when an occluded car would reach the end of a road and when an occluded set of lights would fill up a grid. Autistic children made predictions that were just as precise as those made by typically developing children, across a range of occlusion durations. In the false memory task, autistic and typically developing children did not differ significantly in their discrimination between items presented in a list and semantically related, non‐presented items, although the data were insensitive, suggesting the need for larger samples. Our findings help to refine theoretical accounts by challenging the notion that autism is caused by pervasively disordered prediction abilities. Further studies will be required to assess the relationship between predictive processing and context use in autism, and to establish the conditions under which predictive processing may be impaired. Autism Res 2018, 11: 509–518. © 2017 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: It has been suggested that autistic individuals have difficulties making predictions and perceiving the overall gist of things. Yet, here we found that autistic children made similar predictions about hidden objects as non‐autistic children. In a memory task, autistic children were slightly less confused about whether they had heard a word before, when words were closely related in meaning. We conclude that autistic children do not show difficulties with this type of prediction.
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spelling pubmed-59014112018-04-24 Visual Motion Prediction and Verbal False Memory Performance in Autistic Children Tewolde, Furtuna G. Bishop, Dorothy V. M. Manning, Catherine Autism Res Research Articles Recent theoretical accounts propose that atypical predictive processing can explain the diverse cognitive and behavioral features associated with autism, and that difficulties in making predictions may be related to reduced contextual processing. In this pre‐registered study, 30 autistic children aged 6–14 years and 30 typically developing children matched in age and non‐verbal IQ completed visual extrapolation and false memory tasks to assess predictive abilities and contextual processing, respectively. In the visual extrapolation tasks, children were asked to predict when an occluded car would reach the end of a road and when an occluded set of lights would fill up a grid. Autistic children made predictions that were just as precise as those made by typically developing children, across a range of occlusion durations. In the false memory task, autistic and typically developing children did not differ significantly in their discrimination between items presented in a list and semantically related, non‐presented items, although the data were insensitive, suggesting the need for larger samples. Our findings help to refine theoretical accounts by challenging the notion that autism is caused by pervasively disordered prediction abilities. Further studies will be required to assess the relationship between predictive processing and context use in autism, and to establish the conditions under which predictive processing may be impaired. Autism Res 2018, 11: 509–518. © 2017 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: It has been suggested that autistic individuals have difficulties making predictions and perceiving the overall gist of things. Yet, here we found that autistic children made similar predictions about hidden objects as non‐autistic children. In a memory task, autistic children were slightly less confused about whether they had heard a word before, when words were closely related in meaning. We conclude that autistic children do not show difficulties with this type of prediction. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017-12-21 2018-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5901411/ /pubmed/29271070 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1915 Text en © 2017 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Articles
Tewolde, Furtuna G.
Bishop, Dorothy V. M.
Manning, Catherine
Visual Motion Prediction and Verbal False Memory Performance in Autistic Children
title Visual Motion Prediction and Verbal False Memory Performance in Autistic Children
title_full Visual Motion Prediction and Verbal False Memory Performance in Autistic Children
title_fullStr Visual Motion Prediction and Verbal False Memory Performance in Autistic Children
title_full_unstemmed Visual Motion Prediction and Verbal False Memory Performance in Autistic Children
title_short Visual Motion Prediction and Verbal False Memory Performance in Autistic Children
title_sort visual motion prediction and verbal false memory performance in autistic children
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5901411/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29271070
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1915
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