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Noncoding RNAs Carried by Extracellular Vesicles in Endocrine Diseases
RNA molecules are essential and fine regulators of important biological processes. Their role is well documented also in the endocrine system, both in physiological and pathological conditions. Increasing interest is arising about the function and the importance of noncoding RNAs shuttled by extrace...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5902008/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29808089 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4302096 |
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author | Pomatto, Margherita A. C. Gai, Chiara Deregibus, Maria Chiara Tetta, Ciro Camussi, Giovanni |
author_facet | Pomatto, Margherita A. C. Gai, Chiara Deregibus, Maria Chiara Tetta, Ciro Camussi, Giovanni |
author_sort | Pomatto, Margherita A. C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | RNA molecules are essential and fine regulators of important biological processes. Their role is well documented also in the endocrine system, both in physiological and pathological conditions. Increasing interest is arising about the function and the importance of noncoding RNAs shuttled by extracellular vesicles (EVs). In fact, EV membrane protects nucleic acids from enzyme degradation. Nowadays, the research on EVs and their cargoes, as well as their biological functions, faces the lack of standardization in EV purification. Here, the main techniques for EV isolation are discussed and compared for their advantages and vulnerabilities. Despite the possible discrepancy due to methodological variability, EVs and their RNA content are reported to be key mediators of intercellular communication in pathologies of main endocrine organs, including the pancreas, thyroid, and reproductive system. In particular, the present work describes the role of RNAs contained in EVs in pathogenesis and progression of several metabolic dysfunctions, including obesity and diabetes, and their related manifestations. Their importance in the establishment and progression of thyroid autoimmunity disorders and complicated pregnancy is also discussed. Preliminary studies highlight the attractive possibility to use RNAs contained in EVs as biomarkers suggesting their exploitation for new diagnostic approaches in endocrinology. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5902008 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59020082018-05-28 Noncoding RNAs Carried by Extracellular Vesicles in Endocrine Diseases Pomatto, Margherita A. C. Gai, Chiara Deregibus, Maria Chiara Tetta, Ciro Camussi, Giovanni Int J Endocrinol Review Article RNA molecules are essential and fine regulators of important biological processes. Their role is well documented also in the endocrine system, both in physiological and pathological conditions. Increasing interest is arising about the function and the importance of noncoding RNAs shuttled by extracellular vesicles (EVs). In fact, EV membrane protects nucleic acids from enzyme degradation. Nowadays, the research on EVs and their cargoes, as well as their biological functions, faces the lack of standardization in EV purification. Here, the main techniques for EV isolation are discussed and compared for their advantages and vulnerabilities. Despite the possible discrepancy due to methodological variability, EVs and their RNA content are reported to be key mediators of intercellular communication in pathologies of main endocrine organs, including the pancreas, thyroid, and reproductive system. In particular, the present work describes the role of RNAs contained in EVs in pathogenesis and progression of several metabolic dysfunctions, including obesity and diabetes, and their related manifestations. Their importance in the establishment and progression of thyroid autoimmunity disorders and complicated pregnancy is also discussed. Preliminary studies highlight the attractive possibility to use RNAs contained in EVs as biomarkers suggesting their exploitation for new diagnostic approaches in endocrinology. Hindawi 2018-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5902008/ /pubmed/29808089 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4302096 Text en Copyright © 2018 Margherita A. C. Pomatto et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Pomatto, Margherita A. C. Gai, Chiara Deregibus, Maria Chiara Tetta, Ciro Camussi, Giovanni Noncoding RNAs Carried by Extracellular Vesicles in Endocrine Diseases |
title | Noncoding RNAs Carried by Extracellular Vesicles in Endocrine Diseases |
title_full | Noncoding RNAs Carried by Extracellular Vesicles in Endocrine Diseases |
title_fullStr | Noncoding RNAs Carried by Extracellular Vesicles in Endocrine Diseases |
title_full_unstemmed | Noncoding RNAs Carried by Extracellular Vesicles in Endocrine Diseases |
title_short | Noncoding RNAs Carried by Extracellular Vesicles in Endocrine Diseases |
title_sort | noncoding rnas carried by extracellular vesicles in endocrine diseases |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5902008/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29808089 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4302096 |
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