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Biological Activities of Heteropyxis natalensis Against Micro-Organisms Involved in Oral Infections
The use of complementary and alternative medicine from plants in South Africa, as in the rest of the world, continues to increase. Heteropyxis natalensis, known as the Lavender tree, is indigenous to South Africa and is traditionally used for oral care. The ethanolic extract, of the leaves and twigs...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5903190/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29692723 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00291 |
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author | Henley-Smith, Cynthia J. Botha, Francien S. Hussein, Ahmed A. Nkomo, Mpumelelo Meyer, Debra Lall, Namrita |
author_facet | Henley-Smith, Cynthia J. Botha, Francien S. Hussein, Ahmed A. Nkomo, Mpumelelo Meyer, Debra Lall, Namrita |
author_sort | Henley-Smith, Cynthia J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The use of complementary and alternative medicine from plants in South Africa, as in the rest of the world, continues to increase. Heteropyxis natalensis, known as the Lavender tree, is indigenous to South Africa and is traditionally used for oral care. The ethanolic extract, of the leaves and twigs, of H. natalensis was investigated for antimicrobial activity against selected oral microorganisms. Actinomyces israelii was found to be the most sensitive oral microorganism to the extract, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.88 mg/ml and an MIC of 2.6 mg/ml against Streptococcus mutans. Five known compounds were identified from the ethanolic extract of H. natalensis. The compounds were identified as aurentiacin A (1), cardamomin (2), 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6-methylflavanone (3), quercetin (4) and 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavan (5). The MICs of the compounds 1 and 4 were found to be 0.06 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml, respectively, against A. israelii. The cytotoxicity, acute and sub-acute toxicity in pre-clinical studies were also determined for H. natalensis. The extract showed moderate cytotoxicity (35.56 ± 0.16 μg/ml) on human monocyte cells. The acute and sub-acute toxicity analysis of H. natalensis indicated the NOEL (no-observed-effect level) at 200 mg/kg. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemokine that stimulates the recruitment of leukocytes. A significant reduction of IL-8 production by macrophage cells was observed when exposed to the extract of H. natalensis. It is possible that H. natalensis can prevent excessive tissue damage in periodontal diseases through its reduction of inflammation. Enzymatic bioanalysis of lactic and acetic acid production from Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus paracasei was done. A reduction in the acid production from each bacterium was observed on exposure to the extract of H. natalensis. Consequently, this increased the pH, which could possibly reduce the demineralization of enamel which may help prevent the formation of dental caries. In addition the extract may be considered for preventing periodontal diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5903190 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59031902018-04-24 Biological Activities of Heteropyxis natalensis Against Micro-Organisms Involved in Oral Infections Henley-Smith, Cynthia J. Botha, Francien S. Hussein, Ahmed A. Nkomo, Mpumelelo Meyer, Debra Lall, Namrita Front Pharmacol Pharmacology The use of complementary and alternative medicine from plants in South Africa, as in the rest of the world, continues to increase. Heteropyxis natalensis, known as the Lavender tree, is indigenous to South Africa and is traditionally used for oral care. The ethanolic extract, of the leaves and twigs, of H. natalensis was investigated for antimicrobial activity against selected oral microorganisms. Actinomyces israelii was found to be the most sensitive oral microorganism to the extract, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.88 mg/ml and an MIC of 2.6 mg/ml against Streptococcus mutans. Five known compounds were identified from the ethanolic extract of H. natalensis. The compounds were identified as aurentiacin A (1), cardamomin (2), 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6-methylflavanone (3), quercetin (4) and 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavan (5). The MICs of the compounds 1 and 4 were found to be 0.06 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml, respectively, against A. israelii. The cytotoxicity, acute and sub-acute toxicity in pre-clinical studies were also determined for H. natalensis. The extract showed moderate cytotoxicity (35.56 ± 0.16 μg/ml) on human monocyte cells. The acute and sub-acute toxicity analysis of H. natalensis indicated the NOEL (no-observed-effect level) at 200 mg/kg. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemokine that stimulates the recruitment of leukocytes. A significant reduction of IL-8 production by macrophage cells was observed when exposed to the extract of H. natalensis. It is possible that H. natalensis can prevent excessive tissue damage in periodontal diseases through its reduction of inflammation. Enzymatic bioanalysis of lactic and acetic acid production from Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus paracasei was done. A reduction in the acid production from each bacterium was observed on exposure to the extract of H. natalensis. Consequently, this increased the pH, which could possibly reduce the demineralization of enamel which may help prevent the formation of dental caries. In addition the extract may be considered for preventing periodontal diseases. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-04-10 /pmc/articles/PMC5903190/ /pubmed/29692723 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00291 Text en Copyright © 2018 Henley-Smith, Botha, Hussein, Nkomo, Meyer and Lall. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Pharmacology Henley-Smith, Cynthia J. Botha, Francien S. Hussein, Ahmed A. Nkomo, Mpumelelo Meyer, Debra Lall, Namrita Biological Activities of Heteropyxis natalensis Against Micro-Organisms Involved in Oral Infections |
title | Biological Activities of Heteropyxis natalensis Against Micro-Organisms Involved in Oral Infections |
title_full | Biological Activities of Heteropyxis natalensis Against Micro-Organisms Involved in Oral Infections |
title_fullStr | Biological Activities of Heteropyxis natalensis Against Micro-Organisms Involved in Oral Infections |
title_full_unstemmed | Biological Activities of Heteropyxis natalensis Against Micro-Organisms Involved in Oral Infections |
title_short | Biological Activities of Heteropyxis natalensis Against Micro-Organisms Involved in Oral Infections |
title_sort | biological activities of heteropyxis natalensis against micro-organisms involved in oral infections |
topic | Pharmacology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5903190/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29692723 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00291 |
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