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Actin and myosin II modulate differentiation of pluripotent stem cells

Use of stem cell-based therapies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is hindered by efficient means of directed differentiation. For pluripotent stem cells, an initial critical differentiation event is specification to one of three germ lineages: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Differe...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Boraas, Liana C., Pineda, Emma T., Ahsan, Tabassum
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5903644/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29664925
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195588
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author Boraas, Liana C.
Pineda, Emma T.
Ahsan, Tabassum
author_facet Boraas, Liana C.
Pineda, Emma T.
Ahsan, Tabassum
author_sort Boraas, Liana C.
collection PubMed
description Use of stem cell-based therapies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is hindered by efficient means of directed differentiation. For pluripotent stem cells, an initial critical differentiation event is specification to one of three germ lineages: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Differentiation is known to be regulated by numerous extracellular and intracellular factors, but the role of the cytoskeleton during specification, or early differentiation, is still unknown. In these studies, we used agonists and antagonists to modulate actin polymerization and the actin-myosin molecular motor during spontaneous differentiation of embryonic stem cells in embryoid bodies. We found that inhibiting either actin polymerization or actin-myosin interactions led to a decrease in differentiation to the mesodermal lineage and an increase in differentiation to the endodermal lineage. Thus, targeting processes that regulate cytoskeletal tension may be effective in enhancing or inhibiting differentiation towards cells of the endodermal or mesodermal lineages, which include hepatocytes, islets, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and osteocytes. Therefore, these fundamental findings demonstrate that modulation of the cytoskeleton may be useful in production for a range of cell-based therapies, including for liver, pancreatic, cardiac, vascular, and orthopedic applications.
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spelling pubmed-59036442018-04-27 Actin and myosin II modulate differentiation of pluripotent stem cells Boraas, Liana C. Pineda, Emma T. Ahsan, Tabassum PLoS One Research Article Use of stem cell-based therapies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is hindered by efficient means of directed differentiation. For pluripotent stem cells, an initial critical differentiation event is specification to one of three germ lineages: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Differentiation is known to be regulated by numerous extracellular and intracellular factors, but the role of the cytoskeleton during specification, or early differentiation, is still unknown. In these studies, we used agonists and antagonists to modulate actin polymerization and the actin-myosin molecular motor during spontaneous differentiation of embryonic stem cells in embryoid bodies. We found that inhibiting either actin polymerization or actin-myosin interactions led to a decrease in differentiation to the mesodermal lineage and an increase in differentiation to the endodermal lineage. Thus, targeting processes that regulate cytoskeletal tension may be effective in enhancing or inhibiting differentiation towards cells of the endodermal or mesodermal lineages, which include hepatocytes, islets, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and osteocytes. Therefore, these fundamental findings demonstrate that modulation of the cytoskeleton may be useful in production for a range of cell-based therapies, including for liver, pancreatic, cardiac, vascular, and orthopedic applications. Public Library of Science 2018-04-17 /pmc/articles/PMC5903644/ /pubmed/29664925 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195588 Text en © 2018 Boraas et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Boraas, Liana C.
Pineda, Emma T.
Ahsan, Tabassum
Actin and myosin II modulate differentiation of pluripotent stem cells
title Actin and myosin II modulate differentiation of pluripotent stem cells
title_full Actin and myosin II modulate differentiation of pluripotent stem cells
title_fullStr Actin and myosin II modulate differentiation of pluripotent stem cells
title_full_unstemmed Actin and myosin II modulate differentiation of pluripotent stem cells
title_short Actin and myosin II modulate differentiation of pluripotent stem cells
title_sort actin and myosin ii modulate differentiation of pluripotent stem cells
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5903644/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29664925
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195588
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