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Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

Nanomaterials (NMs) have gained prominence in technological advancements due to their tunable physical, chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. NMs are categorized depending on their size, composition, shape, and origin. The ability to predict the u...

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Autores principales: Jeevanandam, Jaison, Barhoum, Ahmed, Chan, Yen S, Dufresne, Alain, Danquah, Michael K
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Beilstein-Institut 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5905289/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29719757
http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.98
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author Jeevanandam, Jaison
Barhoum, Ahmed
Chan, Yen S
Dufresne, Alain
Danquah, Michael K
author_facet Jeevanandam, Jaison
Barhoum, Ahmed
Chan, Yen S
Dufresne, Alain
Danquah, Michael K
author_sort Jeevanandam, Jaison
collection PubMed
description Nanomaterials (NMs) have gained prominence in technological advancements due to their tunable physical, chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. NMs are categorized depending on their size, composition, shape, and origin. The ability to predict the unique properties of NMs increases the value of each classification. Due to increased growth of production of NMs and their industrial applications, issues relating to toxicity are inevitable. The aim of this review is to compare synthetic (engineered) and naturally occurring nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructured materials (NSMs) to identify their nanoscale properties and to define the specific knowledge gaps related to the risk assessment of NPs and NSMs in the environment. The review presents an overview of the history and classifications of NMs and gives an overview of the various sources of NPs and NSMs, from natural to synthetic, and their toxic effects towards mammalian cells and tissue. Additionally, the types of toxic reactions associated with NPs and NSMs and the regulations implemented by different countries to reduce the associated risks are also discussed.
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spelling pubmed-59052892018-05-01 Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations Jeevanandam, Jaison Barhoum, Ahmed Chan, Yen S Dufresne, Alain Danquah, Michael K Beilstein J Nanotechnol Review Nanomaterials (NMs) have gained prominence in technological advancements due to their tunable physical, chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. NMs are categorized depending on their size, composition, shape, and origin. The ability to predict the unique properties of NMs increases the value of each classification. Due to increased growth of production of NMs and their industrial applications, issues relating to toxicity are inevitable. The aim of this review is to compare synthetic (engineered) and naturally occurring nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructured materials (NSMs) to identify their nanoscale properties and to define the specific knowledge gaps related to the risk assessment of NPs and NSMs in the environment. The review presents an overview of the history and classifications of NMs and gives an overview of the various sources of NPs and NSMs, from natural to synthetic, and their toxic effects towards mammalian cells and tissue. Additionally, the types of toxic reactions associated with NPs and NSMs and the regulations implemented by different countries to reduce the associated risks are also discussed. Beilstein-Institut 2018-04-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5905289/ /pubmed/29719757 http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.98 Text en Copyright © 2018, Jeevanandam et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/termsThis is an Open Access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The license is subject to the Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology terms and conditions: (https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/terms)
spellingShingle Review
Jeevanandam, Jaison
Barhoum, Ahmed
Chan, Yen S
Dufresne, Alain
Danquah, Michael K
Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations
title Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations
title_full Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations
title_fullStr Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations
title_full_unstemmed Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations
title_short Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations
title_sort review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5905289/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29719757
http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.98
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