Anaesthesia for laparoscopic nephrectomy: Does end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement correlate with arterial carbon dioxide measurement?

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Not many studies have explored the correlation between arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO(2)) and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (ETCO(2)) in surgeries requiring pneumoperitoneum of more than 1 hour duration with the patient in non-supine position. The aim of our study was to evaluate the correlation of ETCO(2) with PaCO(2) in patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy under general anaesthesia. METHODS: A descriptive study was performed in thirty patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy from September 2014 to August 2015. The haemodynamic parameters, minute ventilation, PaCO(2) and ETCO(2) measured at three predetermined points during the procedure were analysed. Correlation was checked using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient Test. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Statistical analysis of the values showed a positive correlation between ETCO(2) and PaCO(2) (P < 0.05). Following carbon dioxide insufflation, both ETCO(2) and PaCO(2) increased by 5.4 and 6.63 mmHg, respectively, at the end of the 1(st) hour. The PaCO(2)-ETCO(2) gradient was found to increase during the 1(st) hour following insufflation (4.07 ± 2.05 mmHg); it returned to the pre-insufflation values in another hour (2.93 ± 1.43 mmHg). CONCLUSION: Continuous ETCO(2) monitoring is a reliable indicator of the trend in arterial CO(2) fluctuations in the American Society of Anesthesiologists Grades 1 and 2 patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy under general anaesthesia.