A Ultrasensitive Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Probe Reveals Pyroglutamate Aminopeptidase 1 Can Be a New Inflammatory Cytokine

Previous study showed that pyroglutamate aminopeptidase 1 (PGP‐1) has a relationship with the immune response in cells. However, whether PGP‐1 is involved in inflammatory response in vivo and can serve as a new inflammatory cytokine are still unclear. To address these issues, a new near‐infrared fluorescent probe, which exhibits high selectivity and super sensitivity, is developed. With this probe, the up‐regulation of PGP‐1 (evidenced by western blot) in BALB/c mice legs and livers under the stimulation of two main immunopotentiators is revealed for the first time. The occurrence of inflammatory process (including tissue necrosis) in mice is determined by up‐regulation of tumor necrosis factor‐α and hematoxylin‐eosin staining. Interestingly, it is revealed for the first time that knocking down PGP‐1 leads to the weakness of inflammatory process in RAW264.7 cells. These new findings suggest that PGP‐1 is indeed involved in inflammatory response in vivo and can be a new inflammatory cytokine.