Dietary patterns, BCMO1 polymorphisms, and primary lung cancer risk in a Han Chinese population: a case-control study in Southeast China

BACKGROUND: We investigated whether BCMO1 variants and dietary patterns are associated with lung cancer risk. METHODS: Case-control study including 1166 lung cancer cases and 1179 frequency matched controls was conducted for three BCMO1 variants (rs6564851, rs12934922, and rs7501331) and four dietary patterns were investigated. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS: The rs6564851, rs12934922, and rs7501331 were not found to be associated with lung cancer risk (P > 0.05). In multivariable-adjusted models, compared to the lowest quartile of the score on the “fruits and vegetables” pattern, the highest quintile was associated with a 78.4% decreased risk (OR (Q4 vs. Q1) = 0.216; 95% CI, 0.164–0.284; P for trend < 0.001). Other patterns were not found the association. The “fruits and vegetables” pattern was associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer with all 3 SNPs irrespective of genotypes (all P for trend< 0.001). The association for the “Frugal” pattern was associated with increased risk of lung cancer among smokers (P for interaction = 0.005). The protective effects of the “cereals/wheat and meat” pattern was more evident for squamous cell carcinoma and other histological type. CONCLUSIONS: We did not observe associations of BCMO1 variants and lung cancer. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables may be protective against lung cancer. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4361-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.