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Does intra-ruminal nitrogen recycling waste valuable resources? A review of major players and their manipulation

Nitrogenous emissions from ruminant livestock production are of increasing public concern and, together with methane, contribute to environmental pollution. The main cause of nitrogen-(N)-containing emissions is the inadequate provision of N to ruminants, leading to an excess of ammonia in the rumen...

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Autores principales: Hartinger, Thomas, Gresner, Nina, Südekum, Karl-Heinz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5911377/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29721317
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40104-018-0249-x
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author Hartinger, Thomas
Gresner, Nina
Südekum, Karl-Heinz
author_facet Hartinger, Thomas
Gresner, Nina
Südekum, Karl-Heinz
author_sort Hartinger, Thomas
collection PubMed
description Nitrogenous emissions from ruminant livestock production are of increasing public concern and, together with methane, contribute to environmental pollution. The main cause of nitrogen-(N)-containing emissions is the inadequate provision of N to ruminants, leading to an excess of ammonia in the rumen, which is subsequently excreted. Depending on the size and molecular structure, various bacterial, protozoal and fungal species are involved in the ruminal breakdown of nitrogenous compounds (NC). Decelerating ruminal NC degradation by controlling the abundance and activity of proteolytic and deaminating microorganisms, but without reducing cellulolytic processes, is a promising strategy to decrease N emissions along with increasing N utilization by ruminants. Different dietary options, including among others the treatment of feedstuffs with heat or the application of diverse feed additives, as well as vaccination against rumen microorganisms or their enzymes have been evaluated. Thereby, reduced productions of microbial metabolites, e.g. ammonia, and increased microbial N flows give evidence for an improved N retention. However, linkage between these findings and alterations in the rumen microbiota composition, particularly NC-degrading microbes, remains sparse and contradictory findings confound the exact evaluation of these manipulating strategies, thus emphasizing the need for comprehensive research. The demand for increased sustainability in ruminant livestock production requests to apply attention to microbial N utilization efficiency and this will require a better understanding of underlying metabolic processes as well as composition and interactions of ruminal NC-degrading microorganisms.
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spelling pubmed-59113772018-05-02 Does intra-ruminal nitrogen recycling waste valuable resources? A review of major players and their manipulation Hartinger, Thomas Gresner, Nina Südekum, Karl-Heinz J Anim Sci Biotechnol Review Nitrogenous emissions from ruminant livestock production are of increasing public concern and, together with methane, contribute to environmental pollution. The main cause of nitrogen-(N)-containing emissions is the inadequate provision of N to ruminants, leading to an excess of ammonia in the rumen, which is subsequently excreted. Depending on the size and molecular structure, various bacterial, protozoal and fungal species are involved in the ruminal breakdown of nitrogenous compounds (NC). Decelerating ruminal NC degradation by controlling the abundance and activity of proteolytic and deaminating microorganisms, but without reducing cellulolytic processes, is a promising strategy to decrease N emissions along with increasing N utilization by ruminants. Different dietary options, including among others the treatment of feedstuffs with heat or the application of diverse feed additives, as well as vaccination against rumen microorganisms or their enzymes have been evaluated. Thereby, reduced productions of microbial metabolites, e.g. ammonia, and increased microbial N flows give evidence for an improved N retention. However, linkage between these findings and alterations in the rumen microbiota composition, particularly NC-degrading microbes, remains sparse and contradictory findings confound the exact evaluation of these manipulating strategies, thus emphasizing the need for comprehensive research. The demand for increased sustainability in ruminant livestock production requests to apply attention to microbial N utilization efficiency and this will require a better understanding of underlying metabolic processes as well as composition and interactions of ruminal NC-degrading microorganisms. BioMed Central 2018-04-22 /pmc/articles/PMC5911377/ /pubmed/29721317 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40104-018-0249-x Text en © The Author(s). 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Review
Hartinger, Thomas
Gresner, Nina
Südekum, Karl-Heinz
Does intra-ruminal nitrogen recycling waste valuable resources? A review of major players and their manipulation
title Does intra-ruminal nitrogen recycling waste valuable resources? A review of major players and their manipulation
title_full Does intra-ruminal nitrogen recycling waste valuable resources? A review of major players and their manipulation
title_fullStr Does intra-ruminal nitrogen recycling waste valuable resources? A review of major players and their manipulation
title_full_unstemmed Does intra-ruminal nitrogen recycling waste valuable resources? A review of major players and their manipulation
title_short Does intra-ruminal nitrogen recycling waste valuable resources? A review of major players and their manipulation
title_sort does intra-ruminal nitrogen recycling waste valuable resources? a review of major players and their manipulation
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5911377/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29721317
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40104-018-0249-x
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